1. PLANTAGENET KINGS
The Plantagenet Kings include those of the Houses of Anjou, Lancaster, and York

2. House of Anjou
What were the legacies of the Angevin English monarchs?
How did the actions of the Angevin monarchs shape the development of Parliament and an English nation?
How did the actions of the Angevin monarchs impact European conflict?

3. HENRY II (House of Anjou) r. 1154-1189
First unopposed rise to power since 1066.
Controlled a vast empire—most of British Isles and parts of France
Married to Eleanor of Aquitaine (French)
Acquired Ireland with the help of Pope Adrian IV (the only English pope). Pope recognized his authority over
Laid down the foundations of English Common Law—consistent and accessible
Quarrel with Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury (Becket thought the Church should be independent from royal power), led to the clergyman’s murder in Canterbury Cathedral; 1170.

4. Good marriage w/ Henry II until it was soured by his promiscuity
ELEANOR
Good marriage w/ Henry II until it was soured by his promiscuity
Encouraged her sons’ rebellion against Henry II
Henry crushed the rebellion and put Eleanor under house arrest

5. RICHARD I (THE LION HEART) r. 1189 - 1199
Son of Henry II. Kept Henry’s empire intact
Forced his father from power with the help of French Philip II
Third Crusade
Absentee King
Known for the slaughter of 2,500 men women and children at Acre.
Captured in Germany
In his absence, legendary Robin Hood poached in Sherwood Forest.

6. JOHN r
Has possibly the worst reputation of any English king
MAGNA CARTA, Runnymede 1215.
Result of disagreements with barons over taxation
Limits on royal power—subjected monarch to the law of the land.
Named king of Ireland while still prince.
Lost Normandy, Anjou and most of Aquitaine to the French king, Philip II.

8. HENRY III r
King at age 9; regents reestablished order for him (following father, John)
Married Eleanor of Provence
Magna Carta reasserted.
Papal control of appointments under Henry III would set the stage for support of the English Reformation under Henry VIII.
Oversaw the rebuilding of Westminster Abbey

9. EDWARD I (Longshanks) r. 1272 - 1307
Son of Henry III
Surveyed the country and codified laws
Introduced the “Model Parliament”
Originally called to approve campaigns in Scotland and France
Battled William Wallace and Robert Bruce of Scotland regarding Edward’s supremacy over the Scottish king
Conquered Wales and made his eldest son the first Prince of Wales—this practice still continues today.

10. EDWARD II r. 1307 – 1327 Defeated by Robert the Bruce at Bannockburn
Edward should have won—outnumbered the Scots
Lead to Scottish independence
Parliament gained power through the Ordinances of 1311
1326- Deposed by wife Isabella (daughter of Philip IV of France), and her lover, Roger Mortimer (Edward’s political rival)
1327- Murdered in Berkeley Castle where he had been imprisoned

11. EDWARD III r. 1327 - 1377 Took the throne at 14
3 years later, he arrested his mother (now known as the “She-Wolf of France”) and her lover, Roger Mortimer.
He was a legitimate rival to the French throne
The Hundred Years War begins Major victories at: Sluys (1340), Crecy (1346), Calais (1347) and Poitiers (1356) mostly because of the king’s son Edward the Black Prince.

12. EDWARD III CONT’D The Black Death began and ended.
All but a few towns were eventually lost to France.
He divided Parliament into two houses.
English became the official language.
John Wycliffe began his campaign.
Chaucer began his masterpieces.
In his last years, Edward experienced the loss of his loyal wife Philippa and his favorite son, the Black Prince.

13. RICHARD II r. 1377 – 1399 (Last of the House of Anjou)
Grandson of Edward III (Son of Edward, the Black Prince)
Became king at 10 – Court controlled by his uncle; John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster.
Believed in his divine right and absolute power
Faced rebellions (Peasants in 1381)
Antagonized barons
While on a military campaign in Ireland, Richard’s cousin, Henry Bolingbroke seized the throne, and Richard was eventually forced to surrender to Henry.
Richard was imprisoned in the tower of London and died within a few months (by Feb. 1400).