1. Cardio System: Heart Anatomy

2. The Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular System consists of the heart and the blood vessels
It is a closed system of blood vessels through
which the blood, a fluid connective tissue, is
propelled by the heart, a muscular pump
The heart functions to pump blood through the
blood vessels to all body tissues, allowing for
transport of nutrients, oxygen, CO2, wastes, and
hormones

3. The Cardiovascular System
The heart is located
in the thoracic cavity,
In the mediastinal space,
between the lungs

4. The heart is divided into a right and a left side
Right Heart
Receives blood from the body
Contains deoxygenated blood
Will be pumped to the lungs
to receive oxygen
Left Heart
Receives blood from the lungs
Contains oxygenated blood
Will be pumped to all body
tissues

5. The Cardiovascular System
There are three types of blood vessels
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
Veins
Return blood to the heart
Capillaries
Allow exchange of substances between the blood and extracellular fluid

6. Heart Anatomy
External View
Base
Apex

7. Heart Anatomy External View The Pericardium is the
protective covering over
the heart.
Heart is located in the
pericardial cavity
It has two functions:
Protection
Reduce Friction

8. The pericardium covers and protects the heart

9. Photo of the pericardium cut open to show the heart
The pericardium protects the
heart and also reduces friction
as the heart beats
The pericardium has 2 layers
Fibrous layer
Tough outer layer
Fibrous connective tissue
Serous layer
Delicate inner layer
Provides fluid for lubrication

10. Heart Anatomy The pericardium has 2 layers Fibrous Pericardium
Serous Pericardium
Parietal Layer
Pericardial Space
Visceral layer
(Epicardium)

11. The Heart Wall The heart wall is made of three layers Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

12. The Heart Wall There are three layers of the heart wall
Epicardium – outer layer (visceral pericardium)
Myocardium – middle layer
Makes up the majority of
the heart’s mass
Endocardium – inner layer
Lines the chambers, valves, vessels

13. The Heart Wall There are three layers of the heart wall Epicardium
Outer layer
Visceral pericardium
Myocardium
Middle layer
Makes up the majority of
the heart’s mass
Endocardium
Inner layer
Lines the chambers, valves, vessels

14. Heart Chambers There are 4 heart chambers Right Atrium Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle

15. Heart Valves There are 4 heart valves
Right Atrioventricular (A-V) Valve
Tricuspid
Left Atrioventricular (A-V) Valve
Bicuspid, Mitral
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Aortic Semilunar Valve

16. Heart Valves

17. Blood Vessels Blood Vessels Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary Veins
Aorta

18. Coronary Blood Vessels
External View
Coronary blood vessels supply
the myocardium with blood
Coronary Arteries
First Branches off the Aorta
Coronary Veins
Return blood to the Cranial Vena Cava

19. Internal Anatomy Muscular divisions Interatrial Septum
b/t atria; serves to separate artial bld
Interventricular Septum
b/t ventricles; serves to separate ventricular bld
Atrioventricular Septum
b/t ventricles; serves to separate artial bld and ventricle bld

20. Internal Anatomy Chordae Tendinae Papillary Muscles
In ventricles; attach to mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid valves and regulate opening and closing of valves.
Papillary Muscles
In ventricular wall; attach heart strings

22. Internal Anatomy Were you paying attention??? Identify: #9 #10 #11 #12
#13
#14
#15
#16
#17

23. Blood Flow Through the Heart
Blood enters the right and left atria
Blood enters the ventricles
Blood is pumped to the lungs and body

24. Blood Flow Through the Heart
Blood returns to the heart from the cranial part of the body through the cranial vena cava, and from the caudal part of the body through the caudal vena cava,to the right atrium
It then flows as follows:
Right A-V Valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Pulmonary Arteries (R & L) to the Lungs
Pulmonary Veins (R & L)
Left Atrium
Left A-V Valve
Left Ventricle
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Aorta to the body

27. More Practice

28. Heart Chambers