1. Cardiovascular System

2. Cardiovascular System
Two divisions

3. Cardiovascular System
Two divisions: pulmonary

4. Cardiovascular System
Two divisions: pulmonary & systemic

5. Cardiovascular System
Pulmonary Division
Blood flows from heart

6. Cardiovascular System
Pulmonary Division
Blood flows from heart to alveolar capillaries

7. Cardiovascular System
Pulmonary Division
Blood flows from heart to alveolar capillaries and back to heart

9. Cardiovascular System
Systemic Division

10. Cardiovascular System
Systemic Division
Blood flows from heart

11. Cardiovascular System
Systemic Division
Blood flows from heart to all tissue capillaries

12. Cardiovascular System
Systemic Division
Blood flows from heart to all tissue capillaries (except alveolar capillaries)

13. Cardiovascular System
Systemic Division
Blood flows from heart to all tissue capillaries (except alveolar capillaries) and back to heart

15. Pulmonary arteries carry blood:

16. Pulmonary arteries carry blood:
High in O2, low in CO2

17. High in O2 High in O2, low in CO2 Low in O2 Low in O2 high in CO2
Pulmonary arteries carry blood:
High in O2
High in O2, low in CO2
Low in O2
Low in O2 high in CO2

18. High in O2, low in CO2 Low in O2 high in CO2
Pulmonary arteries carry blood:
High in O2, low in CO2
Low in O2 high in CO2

19. High in O2, low in CO2 Low in O2 high in CO2
Pulmonary arteries carry blood:
High in O2, low in CO2
Low in O2 high in CO2

20. Wrong! High in O2, low in CO2 Low in O2 high in CO2
Pulmonary arteries carry blood:
High in O2, low in CO2
Low in O2 high in CO2
Wrong!

21. Correct! High in O2, low in CO2 Low in O2 high in CO2
Pulmonary arteries carry blood:
High in O2, low in CO2
Low in O2 high in CO2
Correct!

23. Heart

24. Heart
Location

25. Heart
Location: mediastinum

28. Heart
Location: mediastinum

29. Heart
Location: mediastinum
Size?

30. Pericardium

31. Pericardium: protective sac surrounding the heart

32. Pericardium: protective sac surrounding the heart

33. Pericardium: protective sac surrounding the heart
Visceral pericardium

34. Pericardium: protective sac surrounding the heart
Visceral pericardium
Parietal pericardium

35. Pericardium: protective sac surrounding the heart
Visceral pericardium
Parietal pericardium

37. Layers of the heart wall

38. Layers of the heart wall
endocardium

39. Layers of the heart wall
endocardium
myocardium

40. Layers of the heart wall
endocardium
myocardium

42. Layers of the heart wall
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

43. Layers of the heart wall
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium (same as the visceral pericardium)

45. Chambers of the heart

46. Chambers of the heart
Receiving chambers:

47. Chambers of the heart
Receiving chambers: atria

48. Chambers of the heart
Receiving chambers: atria (singular:

49. Chambers of the heart
Receiving chambers: atria (singular: atrium)

51. Chambers of the heart
Receiving chambers: atria (singular: atrium)

52. Chambers of the heart
Receiving chambers: atria (singular: atrium)
Pumping chambers: ventricles

53. Right ventricle

54. Right ventricle: pump for the pulmonary circulation

55. Right ventricle: pump for the pulmonary circulation
Left ventricle

56. Right ventricle: pump for the pulmonary circulation
Left ventricle: pump for the systemic circulation

58. “Great Vessels” of the Heart
Aorta
Pulmonary Trunk

59. Pulmonary trunk Aorta Pulmonary veins LPA Superior vena cava RPA
Inferior
vena cava

60. Heart valves

61. Heart valves

62. Heart valves: ensure one-way flow of blood through heart

63. Semilunar valves

64. Semilunar valves
pulmonary semilunar

65. Semilunar valves
pulmonary semilunar
aortic semilunar

66. Atrio-ventricular (AV) valves

67. Atrio-ventricular (AV) valves
tricuspid

68. Atrio-ventricular (AV) valves
tricuspid
bicuspid

69. Atrio-ventricular (AV) valves
tricuspid
bicuspid (mitral)

70. Atrio-ventricular (AV) valves
tricuspid
bicuspid (mitral)
Associated with papillary muscles

71. Atrio-ventricular (AV) valves
tricuspid
bicuspid (mitral)
Associated with papillary muscles and chordae tendinae

76. Skeleton of the heart
set of 4 fibrous rings near base of heart

78. Skeleton of the heart, con’t.
provides rigidity to prevent the dilation of valves
provides a point of attachment for valves

79. Skeleton of the heart, con’t.
electrically isolates the atria from the ventricles.
The A-V bundle (“bundle of His”) is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles

80. Path of Blood Flow Through the Heart

83. Heart Sounds
1st sound (“lub”)
closing of the AV valves
2nd sound (“dup”)
closing of the semilunar valves

84. Heart Sounds
1st sound (“lub”)
closing of the AV valves
2nd sound (“dup”)
closing of the semilunar valves

85. Conduction System of the Heart
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
AV bundle
Bundle branches
Purkinje fibers

111. Blood Vessels
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins

112. All blood vessels are lined with endothelium

114. Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
Subject to the highest blood pressure

116. Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
Subject to the highest blood pressure

117. Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
Subject to the highest blood pressure
Located deep

118. Structure of Arteries
Tunica interna
Tunica media
Tunica externa

119. Types of arteries
Elastic arteries
Contain elastic fibers in the tunica media and interna
Largest arteries

121. Types of arteries
Muscular arteries
Little elasticity
Abundant smooth muscle in tunica media

123. Arterioles
< 1mm in diameter
Endothelium and smooth muscle

125. Arterioles
< 1mm in diameter
Endothelium and smooth muscle

126. Arterioles
< 1mm in diameter
Endothelium and smooth muscle
Metarterioles regulate flow of blood into capillaries

127. Arterioles
< 1mm in diameter
Endothelium and smooth muscle
Metarterioles regulate flow of blood into capillaries
Help regulate blood pressure

131. Capillaries
Sites of exchange
exchange between blood and tissue cells in systemic caps
exchange between blood and air in pulmonary caps
Very permeable

136. Veins
Return blood back towards heart
Smallest veins: venules

138. Veins have 3 layers like arteries

139. Differences between arteries and veins
thinner
larger diameter
located both deep and superficial
veins have valves

144. Distribution of Blood

145. Coronary Circulation
Blood flow to and from the myocardial capillaries

146. Some vessels of the coronary circuit
Right coronary artery
Left coronary artery
circumflex
anterior interventricular (also: LAD)
Coronary sinus

150. Hepatic Portal Circulation

153. Features of fetal heart
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus

155. Other features of fetal circulation
Umbilical arteries and veins
Ductus venosus

156. Changes in fetal circulation after birth
foramen ovale closes
ductus arteriosus closes

158. Coronary Artery Disease
Degenerative changes in coronary arteries
Often associated with arterial plaques