1. Environmental Science: Toward a Sustainable Future Richard T. Wright Sustainable Communities and Lifestyles PPT by Clark E. Adams Chapter 24

2. Trenton Brownfield Site

3. Sustainable Communities and Lifestyles Urban sprawl Urban blight Moving toward sustainable communities Toward the common good

4. Urban Sprawl Sprawl: extension of city perimeters outward in the countryside, one development after the next, with little plan as to where the expansion is going and no notion as to where it will stop.

5. The Origins of Urban Sprawl Post–World War II demand for consumer goods: cheap cars and gas Housing boom with low mortgage rates Highway Trust Fund

6. Impact of Highway Trust Fund

7. The Flight Continued The results of a car-dependent lifestyle City SuburbsExurbs

9. Measuring Sprawl Residential density Neighborhood mix of homes, stores, and workplaces Accessibility of the street networks Strength of activity centers and downtowns

10. Sprawl Scores: Low Scores Mean High Sprawl (see Table 23-2)

12. Conversion of Land to Developed Uses

13. Impacts of Urban Sprawl: Environmental

14. Environmental Impacts of Urban Sprawl: Simplify and Destabilize! Photos by C. E. Adams

15. Impacts of Urban Sprawl: Quality of Life Higher vehicle ownership and driving mileage Greater risk of fatal accidents Lower rates of walking and lessened use of mass-transit facilities

16. Impacts of Urban Sprawl: Quality of Life No change in congestion delays Higher costs for municipal services Higher incidence of obesity and high blood pressure

17. Benefits of Urban Sprawl Lower-density residential living Larger lot sizes Larger single-family homes

18. Benefits of Urban Sprawl Better quality public schools Lower crime rates Better social services Greater opportunity to participate in local governments

19. Reining in Urban Sprawl: Smart Growth “Smart Growth”: forces communities to purposely choose to develop in more environmentally sustainable ways.  Sets boundaries on urban sprawl  Saves open space  Develops existing urban space  Creates new towns

20. Urban Blight Economic and ethnic segregation The vicious cycle of urban blight Economic exclusion of the inner city Urban blight in developing countries What makes cities livable?

21. Indicators of Urban Decay Economic and ethnic segregation Eroding tax base Loss of social services Lowered property values Higher property taxes Deterioration of central city infrastructure

22. Segregation by Exurban Migration: White Flight

23. The Vicious Cycle of Urban Blight

24. Economic Exclusion of the Inner City

25. Urban Blight in Developing Countries Slum communities  No utility services  No land ownership  Crime and disease are endemic  Expected to continue growing into middle of century  Continually overwhelmed by influx of rural immigrants

26. Slum Community Needs Home security More jobs Cheap transportation Government representation (Slum Dwellers International – SDI at http://www.sdinet.org)

27. What Makes Cities Livable? Integrated living, working, and recreational spaces Affordable housing Provisions for pedestrian and bicycle traffic Protection of sensitive habitats

28. What Makes Cities Livable?

29. Reduced outward sprawl Reduced automobile traffic Improved access by foot or bicycle Mass transit

30. What Makes Cities Livable? High population density Heterogeneity of residences and business People meet people, not cars

31. Moving toward Sustainable Communities Sustainable cities  Proximity of people to residences, shops, and workplaces  Use of solar energy  Self-sufficiency in provision of food  Stable population

32. Sustainable Communities Renovation and recycling Greenways development Reclaimed waterways New industries

34. Toward the Common Good Intergenerational equity Set national goals for sustainable development Reduce conflict between business and environmental groups Individual responsibility

35. The Common Good Compassion Concern for justice Honesty Frugality Humility Neighborliness

36. Lifestyle Changes Individual lifestyle changes Political involvement Membership and participation in NGO environmental organizations Volunteer work Career choices

37. End of Chapter 23