1. Notes: Heart Anatomy Objective: What is the structure of the human heart?

2. What is the anatomy of the heart? Hollow, cone shaped muscleHollow, cone shaped muscle Slightly to left side of the body and base touches the diaphragmSlightly to left side of the body and base touches the diaphragm PERICARDIUM covers the heart and blood vessels to which it attaches.PERICARDIUM covers the heart and blood vessels to which it attaches.

3. What is the pericardium? Outer portion = FIBROUS PERICARDIUMOuter portion = FIBROUS PERICARDIUM –Tough protective sac –Stabilizes the position of heart Inner portion = DOUBLE LAYERED SEROUS MEMBRANEInner portion = DOUBLE LAYERED SEROUS MEMBRANE –Inner layer = visceral pericardium which covers heart –At base of the heart the visceral pericardium turns back on itself to become the PARIETAL PERICARDIUM –Between the visceral and parietal layers is a space, the PERICARDIAL CAVITY, that is filled with lubricating serous fluid

4. What are the different layers of the heart? 1.Outer layer = EPICARDIUM which is a protective serous membrane made of connective tissue covered by epithelium 2.Middle layer = MYOCARDIUM –Made up of cardiac muscle –Pump blood 3. Inner layer = ENDOCARDIUM made up of epithelium and connective tissue -Lines heart chambers and structures

5. What is the internal structure of the heart? Four heart chambers and valves 1.Atria (atrium singular) 1.Upper chambers that receive blood 2.Separated by interatrial septum 2.Ventricles 1.Lower chambers that force blood into arteries 2.Separated by INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM

6. What are valves? VALVES = prevent blood from flowing backwards TRICUSPID = right atrioventricular valve, has three cusps that makes sure blood moves from atrium to ventricle BICUPSID (MITRAL) = left atrioventricular valve. PULMONARY = at base of the pulmonary artery, which prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle AORTIC = prevents blood from moving back into left ventricle from aorta

7. 4. An AORTIC valve prevents blood from moving back into the left ventricle from the aorta. a. The aortic and pulmonary valves are also called semilunar valves. 5. Groves on the surface of the heart, SULCI (singular sulcus), mark the divisions between the chambers of the heart.