1. CH. 13 Personal Health Care

2. SKIN---Structure *Skin is the largest organ on the human body.
*The skin consists of two main layers:
the epidermis and the dermis.
*Cells in the epidermis make lipids which makes your body waterproof.
* Dermis contains the sebaceous glands which helps skin from drying out.
*Subcutaneous layer- a layer of fat and connective tissue located beneath the dermis.

3. Your Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous Layer

4. SKIN--- Function
Skin protects you from pathogens, regulates your body temperature, and helps you feel sensations.
Protection- Barrier to prevent bacteria and viruses from entering.
Temperature control- Skin dilates to allow heat to escape.
Sensation- Major sense organ: Pressure, pain, heat, cold
Immunity-macrophages destroy invading pathogens.
Excretion- SWEAT is excess water and dissolved wastes.
Vitamin D synthesis- makes VD when exposed to UV radiation
Interpersonal communication- Automatically expresses some emotions ( pale & blushing)

5. Keeping your Skin Healthy
Wash face 2 times a day
Wash you body everyday
AVOID touching your face with your hands
Avoid allergic reactions.
Eat plenty of vitamins, minerals:
Vitamin A
Milk
Green and yellow vegetables
Liver

6. Skin Problems Acne- clogged pores become infected and pus forms.
Warts are caused by viruses and can be spread through direct physical contact.
Boils form when hair follicles become infected. Do not burst or squeeze a boil.
Dermatitis, or eczema, is inflamed skin usually caused by an allergic reaction.
Vitiligo occurs when patches of skin lose melanin and have no pigment.

7. Skin Problems
Fungal infections are spread by contact with skin, clothing, or in public showers.
Moles are usually harmless, but they can develop into melanoma, which can be deadly.

8. Melanoma Tanned skin is a sign that skin has been damaged by UV rays.
Prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to skin cancer.
Early detection and treatment are critical in controlling the spread of melanoma.
Regularly checking the appearance of your moles is important for the early detection of melanoma.

9. ABCD’s of Melanoma A B C D Asymmetry Border Irregularity Color
Diameter

10. Skin Problems Asymmetry Border Irregularity Color Diameter
The ABCD’S of Melanoma
An imaginary line drawn through the center of the mole does not produce matching halves.
Asymmetry
Border Irregularity
Non-cancerous moles have smooth edges. Suspect moles often have irregular edges.
Look for moles that are intensely black, possibly with a bluish tint, or that have an uneven color.
Color
Check for moles that are wider across than the width of a pea.
Diameter

11. HAIR
Hair structure- Dead cells. Living cells in the epidermis make new hairs and cause hair to grow.
Hair grows on every surface of the skin, except for the palms of the hand and the soles of the feet.
Hair function- The eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eyes from dust and other particles.

12. Hair Problems
Dandruff- Dead skin cells that are shed as sticky white flakes.
Head lice- Tiny parasitic insects that live in scalp hair.

13. Nails
Nail Structure- Your fingernails and toenails are made of closely packed dead cells that contain keratin.
Nail Function- help protect your fingers and toes.

14. Lesson 2 – Teeth and Mouth
Parts of the tooth
The periodontium supports the tooth and holds it in place.
periodontium is made up of the gum, ligaments, and the jawbone.
Three main parts to every tooth
Crown- visible portion of the tooth
Neck- between the crown and root
Root- In the gum

15. Parts of a Tooth
Enamel- hard substance made of calcium.
Dentin- beneath enamel. It is a layer of connective tissue that contributes to the shape and hardness of a tooth.
Protected by the overlying layers of dentin and enamel, the pulp extends into the root canal.

16. Parts of a Tooth
Crown
Neck
Root

17. Parts of a Tooth enamel dentin gum gingivia
pulp cavity with nerves and vessels
cementum
periodontal ligaments
periodontal membrane
root canal
bone

18. Keeping Teeth Healthy
Oral hygiene, which includes brushing and flossing your teeth, is necessary for healthy, clean teeth.
Tooth decay occurs when the enamel is destroyed and bacteria penetrate the tooth.
Plaque damages the tooth by coating it, sealing out the saliva that normally protects the tooth from bacteria.

19. Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy
If plaque builds up, acids produced by bacteria break down the tooth enamel, resulting in a cavity.
If decay spreads down to the pulp, the tooth may have to be removed.

20. Mouth Problems
Halitosis can be caused by eating certain foods, poor oral hygiene, smoking, bacteria on the tongue, decayed teeth, and gum disease.
Gum disease, or periodontal disease, is caused by bacterial infection.
*When plaque hardens, it builds up tartar, a hard, crustlike substance, and causes the gums to become irritated and swollen.
*This is called gingivitis. If left untreated, the bone and tissue that support the teeth are destroyed, and teeth can be lost.

21. Lesson 3- Your Eyes
Your eyes sit in bony sockets, called orbits, at the front of your skull.
A layer of fat cushions each eyeball inside its socket.
The lacrimal gland secretes tears into the eye through ducts.
Tears keep the surface of the eyeball moist and clear of foreign particles.

22. Parts of the Eye sclera cornea choroid iris vitrius humor pupil lens
optic nerve
retina
cornea
iris
pupil
lens
aqueous humor

23. Lesson 3- Eyes
Rods are light sensitive cells that allow us to see in dim light. Cones are light sensitive cells that allow us to see in bright light and in color .

24. Parts of the Eye Words in black are definitions
Protects the inner eye and supports and shapes the eyeball
Sclera
Cornea
Bends and focuses light before it enters the lens
Choroid
Lines the inside of the sclera
Iris
Contracts and dilates the pupil
Regulates the amount of light that reaches the inner eye
Pupil

25. Parts of the Eye Words in black are definitions
Retina
Contains light-sensitive cells
Optic Nerve
Transmits nerve impulses to the brain
Lens
Helps refine the focus of images on the retina
Aqueous Humor
Provides nutrients to the eye
Helps the eyeball stay firm and keeps the retina in place
Vitreous Humor

26. Vision – 20/20 Nearsightedness, or Myopia Farsightedness, or Hyperopia
Common Vision Disorders
Nearsightedness, or Myopia
The inability to see distant objects clearly
Farsightedness, or Hyperopia
The inability see close objects clearly
Astigmatism
Blurred vision
Strabismus
Eyes off-center, turned inward or outward
Detached Retina
Blurred vision or bright flashes of light

27. Vision Infections and Viruses Glaucoma Cataracts Macular Degeneration
Common Vision Problems
Infections and Viruses
Swelling, irritation, blurred vision, change in sclera color
Cloudy, impaired vision, can cause permanent damage
Glaucoma
Cataracts
Foggy vision
Macular Degeneration
Vision loss