1. Geology 101 1 X Website: facweb.northseattle.edu/tfurutan X Website: facweb.northseattle.edu/tfurutan  Instructor: Tracy Furutani Tracy Furutani tfurutan@northseattle.edu tfurutan@northseattle.edu Office hours: MTW 11 to noon IB 2328B Office hours: MTW 11 to noon IB 2328B  Instructor: Tracy Furutani Tracy Furutani tfurutan@northseattle.edu tfurutan@northseattle.edu Office hours: MTW 11 to noon IB 2328B Office hours: MTW 11 to noon IB 2328B

2. l Read the textbook and do the homework - nearly cover-to-cover, see syllabus on the course web page for weekly homework assignments l Attend class - Hear topical overviews & ask questions - Do labs & turn in & pick up HW - Exams & extra credit opportunities l Go on the field trip - Saturday, October 12, all day (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.) - Vans provided but bring a lunch l Talk to your classmates (form a study group) - Labs, group projects, poster project are appropriate GROUND RULES

3. While in class, please:  Silence or turn off phones  Ask questions  Adhere to campus safety rules  Refrain from plagiarizing others’ work  Learn about the Earth GROUND RULES

4. Top Five Reasons: uYou absolutely LOVE geology (possible major) uYou need a science credit to graduate & think geology is easier than physics &/or need it NOW to graduate (We feel your pain) uJust curious, might provide some amusement uNo idea uIt seemed like a good idea at the time WHY YOU ARE HERE

5. Geology 101 Learning Tools: GEOL 2 by Wicander and Monroe, 2 nd ed. (2014) Book – GEOL 2 by Wicander and Monroe, 2 nd ed. (2014) - An excellent, up to date review of field - Nicely-illustrated with good study aids How to study - Read the chapter before lecture - Review class presentations - Ask questions in class - Check for terms in glossary given throughout chapter - Make sure you get the Learning Outcomes (LO) - Use the CourseMate electronic resources - Do the homework; review the lab work Use the book ’ s Website to: - Reinforce concepts - Check knowledge by taking sample quizzes - Experience virtual field trips GEOLOGY 101 TOOLS

6. Geology 101 Learning Tools: Meet with your Instructor! - During office hours - Or, make an appointment - Use email! Connect to Geology on a personal level and try to apply what you are learning. - Think about how the concepts you are learning apply in your everyday life as you walk around on planet Earth! GEOLOGY 101 TOOLS

7. GOALS FOR GEOL101 l The catalog says: GEOL& 101 Physical Geology A survey-level introduction of this remarkable planet we call home. A study of the dynamic processes which drive the geologic world, the materials they produce, and how they are integrated in a global context. The course features a particular emphasis on the geology of the Pacific Northwest, which affords some truly spectacular illustrations of these subjects.

8. u To develop critical thinking skills & a basic understanding of how the science works u Become familiar with some of the observational methods, reasoning processes and analytical tools used by geologists to understand the Earth and its history u Learn the basic scientific concepts and principles- essentially the current paradigm for how the Earth and its systems interact to produce what we see. l But also, we have these goals: GOALS FOR GEOL101

9. You will be learning a new language!  Geology is a broad, interdisciplinary science with a rich vocabulary. The terminology we will use throughout this course will require that you learn a new language; in fact, this is true of most introductory science courses. You will learn nearly the same vocabulary as a first-quarter foreign language course.  We will all work together to find ways to become familiar with this vocabulary and the ideas it is designed to convey. But more is needed than simply memorizing terms. You also need to develop an understanding of the conceptual framework that the terminology is a part of, and how the words and concepts relate to each other. GOALS FOR GEOL101

10. l Enrich your understanding of the planet we depend upon for our survival. l Broaden your perspective of the relationship between humans & their environment. l Become as more responsible citizen and make smart investments in your future, and the future of your children. l Maybe you will decide to become one of the true, the proud and the brave and go on to major in geology! Application of this new knowledge: GOALS FOR GEOL101

11. Lecture style designed to address the fact that different people learn differently: l Seeing/visual learning l Reading the written word l Hearing about it l Engaging through personal inquiry and discovery l Connecting what we learn in the classroom to what is out there! GOALS FOR GEOL101

12. What methods will we need to succeed in geology? l An innate curiosity and willingness to ask questions l Good observational skills to recognize basic patterns and spatial relationships l A systematic approach to documenting, analyzing, and predicting observations l An ability to visualize in 3-dimensional space, while integrating the 4th dimension, time. l Willingness to learn and apply basic scientific principles from other sciences (physics, chemistry, math) GEOLOGY 101 TOOLS

13. Time… Geology deals with complex historical systems that have evolved and changed over time. Time is thus a fundamental variable in geology. Coupled processes, operating over time produce all that we see.

14. A Prelude: And just what is Geology?

15. You are here! Geology: The study of the Earth and its systems

16. Nature of scientific inquiry Basic Concepts: F Scientific method F Observation F Hypothesis F Test  Scientific “ certainty ” F Paradigms and the nature of scientific revolutions F Theory

17. Nature of scientific inquiry Science is based on: assumption that the natural world behaves in a consistent & predictable manner Goals of science: understand underlying patterns in nature (from careful observations/measurements) form hypotheses that lead to predictions

18. Nature of scientific inquiry Scientific method gathering information through careful observation to formulate hypotheses and theories note: involves insight and creativity to break free from conditioned accepted views

19. Nature of scientific inquiry Four basic steps: 1) collect the facts (observation/measurement) 2) develop hypothesis (one or more) 3) test hypothesis 4) accept/modify/reject hypothesis

20. Nature of scientific inquiry Process begins with Observation! Formulation of Hypotheses: Construction of a quantifiable tentative explanation for something observed Value of multiple working hypotheses Hypothesis must be falsifiable – that is, there are observations possible that contradict the theory Testing hypotheses Evaluate explanatory power. Certainty in science and the nature of scientific proof Science has been described as the orderly accumulation of rejected hypotheses.

21. Nature of scientific inquiry Theory - well-tested/widely accepted hypothesis that “acceptably” predicts observed facts. - also: explains additional observations not used originally to form theory - predictive power (repeatable) - still testable and subject to disproof!

22. Prelude: Earth Systems F Atmosphere F Hydrosphere F Cryosphere F Solid Earth F Biosphere

23. Atmosphere Protection from Sun ’ s heat & UV rays l Weather: due to exchange of energy between Earth ’ s surface & atmosphere between atmosphere & outer space l Strongly interacts with surface Blanket of gases surrounding the Earth

24. Hydrosphere l Oceans (most prominent) 71% of surface of Earth l Streams, lakes, glaciers, underground water l Atmosphere Water portion of Earth

25. Cryosphere l Glaciers l Permafrost and ground ice l Polar ice caps l Frozen polar seas Icy portion of Earth ’ s crust

26. Biosphere Earth ’ s surface and subsurface to depths of a few kilometers l Life occupies an extreme range of environments l Life strongly interacts with the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the solid earth (these interactions are called ecology!) Earth ’ s Ecosystems

27. Prelude: Prelude: Earth ’ s internal structure crust mantle core Oceanic 0-6 km ( “ young ”, < 180 m.y.) Continental 0-34 km (older, up to 3.8 b.y.) Upper 34-670 km Lower 670-2900 km Outer (liquid) 2900-5160 km Inner (solid) 5160-6370 km 3 distinct divisions:

28. Solid Earth lInterior of the Earth is losing heat. lPrimary source of heat: Radioactive decay lHeat loss drives convection, based on density differences lHotter stuff is lighter and rises lCooler stuff is denser and sinks.

29. Earth ’ s dynamic interior and crust F Heat loss drives plate tectonics F Three types of plate boundaries Prelude: Plate Tectonics