1. Structure of Muscle

4. Sliding Filament Hypothesis n During Contraction n Proteins DO NOT actually shorten n Rather they slide past one another n Support n Changes in Sarcomere Bands n Actual measurement of proteins n Length-Tension Characteristics

5. Sliding Filament Hypothesis n During Contraction n Proteins DO NOT actually shorten n Rather they slide past one another n Support n Changes in Sarcomere Bands n Actual measurement of proteins n Length-Tension Characteristics

6. Length - Tension Characteristics n Stretch Muscle to Various Lengths n Measure Active Tension 1.251.652.002.253.65 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 Sarcomere Length Tension

8. Troponin - Tropomyosin Complex Myosin Head Myosin Binding Site Actin Tropomyosin Filament T C I Ca Binding Sites

9. Troponin - Tropomyosin Complex Myosin Head Myosin Binding Site Actin T C I Ca

10. Troponin - Tropomyosin Complex Myosin Head Myosin Binding Site Actin T C I Ca

11. Troponin - Tropomyosin Complex Myosin Head Myosin Binding Site Actin T C I Ca

14. Plunger Model for Release of Ca ++ from SR Ca ++++ ---- Ca ++++ ---- Ca ++++ ---- ATP Ca Dihydropyridine Receptor Ryanodine Receptor

15. Summary of Excitation-Contraction Coupling Ca

16. Muscle Mechanics – Series Elastic Component (SEC)

20. Variation in Muscle Tension

21. Muscle Fiber Types Type I Type IIa Type IIb

22. Braided Pneumatic Actuator

23. Colburn Test Rig

24. Length – Tension Characteristics

25. Festo Actuators

26. Air Insect - Kirchner

27. Buckling

28. Mini-Braided Pneumatics: Matt Birch and Alan Pollack

29. Electroactive Polymer – SRI et al http://ndeaa.jpl.nasa.gov/nasa-nde/lommas/eap/EAP-web.htm