2. Chapter Two Review Chapter Two Review (review – noun - a looking at or looking over again) Scandinavian representation of the god Tyr. Circa A.D. 9 th century

3. Chapter 2 – Western Asia & Egypt 3500 – 500 B.C. Key Events The Sumerians in Mesopotamia were among the 1 st groups to develop a civilization, and they were the first (TWKO) to develop a system of writing. Due in large part to the Nile, Egyptian civilization was stable and prosperous. – Massive monuments, the pyramids, were built in the Old Kingdom to honor the pharaohs.

4. Chapter 2 – Western Asia & Egypt 3500 – 500 B.C. Key Events continued The Israelites emerged as a distinct people. The Phoenicians developed a phonetic alphabet, the ancestor of our own alphabet. Many other empires rose and fell in this area during this time frame, but the largest and longest lasting of these were the Assyrian and Persian empires.

5. Complete the following Important Phrase from Chapter 2.1 Civilization begins in …. Mesopotamia Pg 37

6. The first civilization in Mesopotamia was that of the …. Sumerians Pg 38

7. Around 2340 B.C., Sargon, ruler of the Akkadians, conquered the Sumerian city-states and set up the world’s first …. empire Pg 40 Cuneiform – “wedge” shaped

8. The Law Code of ___________, a collection of 282 laws, was based on a system of strict justice. Hammurabi Pg 41 Penalties in Hammurabi’s Law Code varied according to the _________ of the victim. social class

9. Society in ancient Mesopotamia was _______ (dominated by men). patriarchal Pg 41

10. Egyptians called the rich land flooded annually by the Nile the _________Land. Black

11. Sumerians created this system of writing, meaning “wedge shaped” around 3000 B.C. cuneiform Pg 42

12. The name given to a large political unit or state, usually under a single leader, that controls many peoples or territories: EMPIRE

13. Four important Sumerian inventions: The Wheel Pg 43 The Arch The Sundial Bronze from copper & tin Number system based on 60

14. Mesopotamia civilization grew up between what two rivers? Tigris & Euphrates Rivers Pg 37

15. Egyptian civilization can be divided into 3 main periods… Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom Pg 47 The pyramids were built in which period? OLD KINGDOM

16. Which Egyptian god was slain by his brother, only to be brought back to life by Isis, his sister-wife? OSIRIS Pg 46 Osiris, Isis and Nephthys – top Osiris and Aton - left

17. A government ruled by divine authority is a … theocracy Pg 39 Four 65 ft tall statues of Ramses II

18. This age lasted from 2050 to 1652 B.C. and was marked by stability, a new concern for the common people, and the expansion into Nubia: Middle Kingdom Pg 49

19. The invasion of these people marked the end of the Middle Kingdom… the Hyksos Pg 50 Egypt created an empire and became the most powerful state in Southwest Asia during this period… NEW KINGDOM 1567 TO 1085 B.C.

20. From the Hyksos invaders, the Egyptians learned to make ____?_____ weapons and tools, a dramatic improvement over their copper weapons and tools. BRONZE Pg 50 Khopesh

21. The last pharaoh; sought to ally Egypt with Rome but chose the loser in a war of Roman generals. Cleopatra Pg 51

22. New Kingdom pharaoh Akhenaton is known to us for… Introduced the worship of one god – Aton - and closed the temples of the old gods of EgyptIntroduced the worship of one god – Aton - and closed the temples of the old gods of Egypt. Pg 50  The first woman to become pharaoh…  HATSHEPSUT of the New Kingdom

23. This term refers to a particular group of people who used a language derived from a single parent tongue. Greek, Latin, Persian, Sanskrit, and the Germanic languages are descended from this root language. Indo-European Pg 54

24. The first of the Indo-European peoples (TWKO) to make use of iron… Hittites Pg 55

25. The Phoenician culture is best known to us today for its … Alphabet Pg 56

26. This group of Semitic speaking people lived south of the Phoenicians … Israelites Pg 59 Israelites in Ninevah  Belief in one God …  Monotheism

27. This Macedonian conquered the Persian Empire in the 330s B.C. Alexander the Great Pg 64

28. The first empire (TWKO) was the _________ Empire. Akkadian Sargon of Akkad

29. The Nile River flows (north or south)? NORTH Northern Egypt where the Nile flows into the Mediterranean is called… LOWER EGYPT Why? Elevation

30. The invention of cuneiform is credited to … the Sumerians Pg 42 Cuneiform payroll records of women in the temple service for 2 months.

31. Which Persian king extended the empire to its largest extent – to the largest empire the world had yet seen? Darius Pg 63

32. The history of Egypt begins around 3100 B.C. when … Menes (Narmer) united Upper & Lower Egypt Pg 47 King Menes (Narmer) subduing his foes. Narmer Palette.