1. Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations CHAPTER 3

2. I. Early Agricultural Society in Africa

3. Nile Valley 3000-2000bce And Nubia

4. I. Early Agricultural Society in Africa cont’d

5. Egyptian painting on tomb Of Agriculture Pharoah Menes Preparing to sacrifice An enemy

6. I. Early Agricultural Society in Africa cont’d d. a human sun overseeing affairs 2. The Archaic Period and the Old Kingdom a. great power during 1 st millenia (3100-2660) (2660-2160) b. massive pyramids c. Khufu largest pyramid d. ability to marshal Egyptian resources 3. Relations between Egypt and Nubia a. Interests in Nubia: political & commercial b. Wary of Nubian kingdoms threat to Upper Egypt c. desired products: gold, ivory, ebony, precious stones d. Nubian interests in Egypt: protect their independence, control trade down the Nile

7. Nubian Mercenary Nenu Serving in Egyptian army w/ Egyptian wife and two sons

8. I. Early Agricultural Society in Africa cont’d

9. d. Hyskos provoked strong reaction from Egyptian nobles whom revolted. e. Used their own weapons against them f. New Egyptian kingdom began called the New Kingdom 2. The New Kingdom a. Prosperous, productive, agricultural surplus, large population. b. army, bureaucracy, religious cults 3. Egyptian Imperialism a. Worked to extend authority beyond the Nile b. Seized regions they thought may threaten them c. dominated coastal regions of Mediterranean & N. Africa d. Local resistance drove Egyptians out of Nubia, SW Asia. Invasions from Assyrian.

11. II. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions

12. Egyptian painting of pyramid building 

13. II. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions cont’d 3. Social Classes a. wealth = social distinction b. peasants & slaves=hard labor c. Pharaoh=supreme ruler d. Military forces, bureaucracy of administrators, tax collectors 4. Patriarchal Society a. men authority in public and private affairs b. women=domestic work unless upper elite c. elite men=scribes, gov’t officials d. lower class men=agricultural laborers, potters, carpenters, craftsmen, fishermen

14. II. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions cont’d

16. Ancient Egyptian Ships

17. II. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions cont’d

18. 4. Cult of Osiris a. Legend has it: Osiris’ evil brother murdered him and scattered his parts throughout the land b. Wife Isis retrieves his parts and gives proper burial & restored Osiris to life c. Many associated Osiris with the Nile (flooding retreating flooding) d. those who followed the cult wished for eternal reward if they lived a high standard of life. 5. Nubian religious beliefs a. Apedemak-lion god, served as a war god b. Sebiume-creator god and divine guardian of human devotees. c. built pyramids d. recognized Egyptian Gods e. did not mummify their dead

19. Egyptian Painting of Osiris receiving a recently deceased and The weighing of the heart

20. III. Bantu Migrations and Early Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa

21. Bantu Migrations Map 2000bce-500ce

22. III. Bantu Migrations and Early Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa cont’d