1. Do Now! Examine the “Archaeological Exercise” you received when you came in. On your index card, describe what is happening in the picture! HW: Read the Egyptian Creation Story and complete the questions

2. DO NOW!

3. Egyptian Civilization: A Long Haul

4. Egyptian Religion: An Overview 1.Traditional Polytheism: pray to benevolent gods for success; Pharaoh is god’s representative on earth 2. Moral Polytheism: proper moral conduct insures a good afterlife for all 3. Monotheism: makes a brief appearance & then disappears

5. Traditional Polytheism Local Deities: Different cities & towns worshipped different gods. Diversity: Different gods provided various services & protections. Thoth: god of writing & knowledge. Worshipped by scribes Ptah: god of craftsmen. Worshipped by skilled workers Hathor: goddess of love & joy. Local goddess of the town of Dendera

6. Traditional Polytheism: Combined Gods Amun: God of the elements Ra: God of the Sun Amun-Ra: a “super- god”of all creation. Worshipped across Egypt & considered the “god of the gods.”

7. Polytheistic Temples:The Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak

8. The Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak This temple held a hypostyle hall: a great room with a ceiling supported by many columns. Each column had decorations honoring the gods and the pharaohs who built them. This construction type was unique to Egypt.

9. When first built, every column was painted and decorated.

10. Polytheism: Pharaohs as Gods The Great Pyramid @ Giza Built c. 2,589 BCE for Khufu Construction time: c. 20 yrs 2.3 million blocks of limestone & granite Inside the Pyramid: The pharaoh and his goods waited for transport to the afterlife.

11. Polytheism II: Pharaohs as Gods Khufu ruled for roughly 63 years, spending 1/3 of that time on his tomb, the Great Pyramid. Khufu: Ra on Earth Khufu: Burial Chamber & Sarcophagus (his coffin)

12. Inference Time! What can you infer about ancient Egyptian religion from the facts below? 1.Many gods received offerings from people on a daily basis. 2.30 Pharaohs built the Temple @ Karnak over a period of 1,500 years. 3.Khufu spent 23 of his 63 years in power (37% of the time) building his tomb.

13. Moral Polytheism : Only the good live forever… The Book of the Dead: the gods judge the dead.

14. The dead & Anubis The dead’s heart Feather of truth Thot h The dead & Horus Osiri s Isis & Nephthys Ammut Scale

15. Reaching the Afterlife: Procedures Anubis weighs your heart against the feather of justice. If your heart outweighs the feather (b/c it’s heavy with sin), Ammut eats your heart. Game over: you’re dead. If your heart is lighter, Horus takes you to meet Osiris in the afterlife. You made it! Eternal life is yours!

16. Follow-up Question: How does the death ritual from the Book of the Dead exemplify “moral polytheism”?