1. Tues 9/24/13 Bellringer: ◦ Take out your notes and respond to the following:  Would sap taken from a tree be class evidence or individual evidence? Why?  If a suspect had sap on his clothes, would it lead to a specific tree? Agenda for today: ◦ Short lecture on databases ◦ Discuss Case Study (keep out on your desk)

2. Forensic Databases Enable criminalists to conduct comparative analysis on evidence found at a crime scene without as much of a need for a suspect ◦ Instead of trying to collect fingerprints, DNA, etc. from all possible suspects, databases can be used to begin to eliminate or identify suspects ◦ While there is not information for every person in these databases – there is for those with a criminal history and/or certain jobs

3. IAFIS Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS) ◦ Fingerprint and criminal history system for 50 million subjects ◦ Operational since 1999. Maintained by the FBI ◦ An examiner makes a digital image of the print with a camera or scanner, marks points on the print to guide the computerized search. Search is completed within minutes against all images in IAFIS

4. CODIS Combined DNA Index System Became fully operational in 1998; maintained by the FBI All 50 states have legislated that DNA profiles of those convicted of felony sexual offenses be stored in database.

5. CODIS Forensic Index contains 110,000 DNA profiles from unsolved crimes Offender Index contains profiles of nearly 3 million convicted offenders Hundreds of thousands are backlogged Success in identifying perpetrators is due to the fact that most crimes involving biological evidence are committed by repeat offenders

6. NIBIN National Integrated Ballistics Information network Maintained by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives Images of bullets and cartridge casings Helps produce a short list of candidates for a firearms examiner to manually compare More that 10,000 “hits” have been recorded

7. PDQ International Forensic Automotive Paint Data Query Maintained by Royal Canadian Mounted Police Contains chemical and color information pertaining to original automotive paints

8. Glass Evidence Database Contains more than 700 glass samples ◦ From manufacturers, distributors, and vehicle junkyards Cannot determine the source of an unknown piece of glass ◦ Can assess the relative frequency that two glass samples from different sources would have the same elemental profile Uses plasma mass specs

9. TreadMark and SoleMate – Commercial shoe databases TreadMark ◦ Commercial product that uses 4 parameters:  pattern  size  damage  Wear ◦ Compared to suspects in custody and crime scenes SoleMate ◦ Contains manufacturer, date of market release, an image or offset print of the sole, and pictorial images of the uppers

10. SICAR Shoeprint Image Capture and Retrieval Commercially available – not controlled by a government agency. Helps match crime-scene foot ware impression with a particular shoe manufacturer.

12. TreadMate Contains more than 5,000 vehicle tires and tread patterns ◦ manufacturer, date of release, pictorial image, pattern features ◦ code for patterns:  waves, lines, diamonds, zigzags, curves, and blocks

14. FISH Forensic Information System for Handwriting Maintained by the U.S. Secret Service Enables document examiners to scan and digitize text writings ◦ Plotted as arithmetic and geometric values

16. International Ink Library Maintained by the U.S. Secret Service and the IRS Includes more than 9,500 inks dating back from the 1920’s Pen and ink manufacturers are asked to submit their new ink formulations ◦ Chemically tested and added to the reference collection

17. Drug Databases Indent-A-Drug ◦ private company ◦ publishes a book and computer program to help identify drugs in tablet or capsule form PharmInfoNet ◦ contains information on prescription druges, included uses, marketing and availability, and common side effects RxList ◦ database of prescription drugs like PharmInfoNet

18. Ignitable Liquids Reference Collection (ILRC) Allows a laboratory to isolate an ignitable liquid of interest Designed for screening purposes only Does not replace American Standard Testing Materials Enter name of the liquid and can search the database

19. ChemFinder Contains information from manufacturers on chemicals ◦ Chemical structures ◦ Physical properties ◦ Hyperlinks for more information