1. THE FOOT Chapter 14

2. Introduction The traditional sports activities in which athletes compete at the high school, college and professional level all involve some elements of running, jumping and changing directions. The function of the foot is critical. One instant the foot must be a mobile adapter to absorb shock, and the next minute it must become a rigid lever to propel the body forward. Injury is common.

3. Foot Anatomy Bones Articulations Stabilizing Ligaments Muscles and Movements Nerve Supply and Blood Supply Arches Plantar Fascia

4. Foot Biomechanics Normal Gait Patterns Pronation and Supination –Excessive Pronation –Excessive Supination Other Structural Deformities

5. Prevention of Foot Problems Shoes & Socks –Construction –Selection Proper Foot Care & Hygiene Foot Orthotics and Devices

6. Assessing Foot Conditions History Observation Palpation Special Tests

7. Recognition & Management Specific Injuries & Conditions Injuries to the Tarsal Region Injuries to the Calcaneous Arches - Pes Planus and Pes Cavus Foot Injuries to the Metatarsal Region Injuries to the MP area Injuries to the Toes

8. Foot Rehabilitation General Weight Bearing Joint Mobilization Flexibility Neuromuscular Foot Orthotics Prevention from Reinjury

9. Summary The function of the foot is critical to athletic performance. Evaluation and recognition of injuries and conditions can present a challenge to the athletic trainer. Many chronic conditions of the lower extremity can be related to foot mechanics. Management, rehabilitation, and prevention of foot conditions is essential.