1. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 1 System Requirements Review Robert Aungst Chris Chown Matthew Gray Adrian Mazzarella Brian Boyer Nick Gohn Charley Hancock Matt Schmitt Team 5

2. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 2 Contents Problem Definition Product Overview Business Case Competition Customer Attributes Design Requirements

3. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 3 Problem Definition Develop an Unmanned Aerial System to maintain an “area of coverage” for some desired capability Study potential customers and develop business case, concept of operations, and system requirements Conduct trade studies to generate design requirements

4. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 4 Concept of Operations Continuous area coverage of metropolitan areas and beaches for advertising purposes Instead of one constant message, such as in banner towing, multiple advertisements will be presented Large LED screens will display advertising in a preset rotation Business will be developed around this new technology Seven UAVs based at one South Florida airport, serving 3 high population areas

5. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 5 Typical Mission 1.UAV fueled and advertisements loaded 2.Takeoff, then cruise to target area (<175 nm) 3.Loiter 6 hours while displaying advertising (~50 kts) 4.Cruise back to base and land Continuous area coverage of 18 hrs (6am to 12am) –3 missions with 6 hour loiter per city –3 cities total; 9 missions per day –Current plane Requirement: 7 Concept of Operations (continued)

6. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 6 Payload Definition Two High Intensity LED Screens –7.42 ft X 45 ft ½ Billboard size Viewable up to 1500 ft –1000 lbs installed (each) Screen Weight: 3lbs/sq.ft. –Off the shelf product $180,000 cost –Power consumption 19.5 kw / 26 hp –Daytime viewable Brightness: 6500 cd/m² –Dynamic display 60 fps video/text –Weatherproof

7. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 7 Current Markets Outdoor Advertising is currently billboard dominated Aerial Advertisement is a subset of the 17% Alternative Outdoor Category In 2005, an estimated $183 billion was spent on advertising –Outdoor Advertisement generated $6.3 of this $183 billion According to the Outdoor Advertising Association of America (OAAA), outdoor advertising is the fastest growing medium after the internet

8. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 8 Current Markets Manned Aerial Advertising Markets –NASCAR: 130,000 – 200,000 people –Major League Baseball: 20,000 – 70,000 people –Concerts: 20,000 – 100,000 people –Professional / College Football: 50,000 – 150,000 people –Professional Soccer: 20,000 – 100,000 people –Beaches: 15,000 – 1,500,000 people

9. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 9 Retention of Aerial Advertising Little Studio Design and Research –Conducted 750 interviews on four South Florida beaches –Findings:

10. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 10 Advantages Over Current Aerial Advertising Methods Full Motion Advertising –Maintains captive audience More Exposures Dynamic Messages –Supports multiple customers –Market-driven advertising –Redefines business model

11. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 11 Current Markets Targeting Options –Geographic –Demographic –Event Company Contracts –Firms decide where they wish to be advertised –This usually occurs at high-volume events 2005 Top Ten Outdoor Advertising Brands 1.McDonalds Restaurant 2.Cingular Wireless Service 3.Verizon Long Distance Business & Residential 4.General Motors Corp Auto & Truck 5.Anheuser-Busch Beers 6.Nextel Wireless Services 7.Warner Bros Movies 8.Coca-Cola Soft Drinks 9.Verizon Wireless Service 10.Miller Beers Source: OAAA

12. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 12 Potential Markets Preliminary home base will be a general aviation airport in Central Florida –Sebring Regional –Naples Municipal –Lakeland Linder Regional These airports provide convenient access to numerous potential target areas –Miami –Orlando –Tampa –Key West –Ft. Lauderdale –West Palm Beach Year-round capability

13. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 13 Potential Markets Domestic Expansion Possibilities –Southern California –Jersey Shore/ Long Island –Chicago/ Lake Michigan –Las Vegas International Expansion Possibilities –Mediterranean Europe –Coastal Australia –Mexico/ Carribbean Five Year Outlook –New bases will be opened in areas with the greatest economic potential –These areas will be capable of reaching multiple target segments –Desired markets will have high exposure rates combined with low transportation costs

14. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 14 Business Costs and Revenue Startup costs: –Aircraft Components: $10,000,000 / plane –Tooling for construction: $10,000,000 –Payroll during construction: $1,200,000 –Advertising: $2,100,000 –Hangar Costs: $405,000 Operating Costs (per year): –Fuel: $3,100,000 –Payroll: $1,200,000 –Advertising: $720,000 –Maintenance: $1,400,000 –Hangar Costs: $405,000 Revenue: –$1500 / hr –3 cities / 18 hrs a day –Yearly: $22,400,000 Yearly Income: $15,000,000 Years to Break Even: 5

15. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 15 Aerial Advertising Alternatives Cessna 182 –Loaded Weight: 3,110 lb –Cruise Speed: 145 kts –Stall Speed: 49 kts –Range: 930 nm Stinson 108 –Loaded Weight: 2,400 lb –Cruise Speed: 111 kts –Stall Speed: 65 kts –Range: 434 nm American Blimp Corp. A-170 –Payload: 4650 lb –Cruise Speed: 14 kts –Stall Speed: N/A –Range: 504 nm Source: Airliners.net

16. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 16 Similar UAVs Northrop Grumman Global Hawk –Length: 44 ft –Loaded Weight: 22,900 lb –Cruise Speed: 350 kts –Endurance: 34 hrs General Atomics Predator A –Length: 28 ft –Loaded Weight: 2,250 lb –Cruise Speed: 70 kts –Endurance: 24 hrs General Atomics Predator B –Length: 36 ft –Loaded Weight: 10,000 lb –Cruise Speed: 220 kts –Endurance: 14 hrs Source: Airliners.net

17. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 17 QFD: House of Quality

18. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 18 Target Design Requirements Loiter Velocity: Cruise Velocity: Clean L/D: Specific Fuel Consumption: Cruise Range: Loiter Time: Size of Screen: 55 kts 135 kts 22 0.5 / hr 400 nm 8 hr 8’ x 45’

19. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 19 Database of Existing UAVs Sample Database of Existing UAVs: From database of existing UAVs, we created a least squares data fit to find an estimated empty weight fraction:

20. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 20 Historical Empty Weight Fraction vs. Gross Weight

21. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 21 Historical Empty Weight Fraction vs. Payload Weight

22. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 22 Gas Turbine vs. Gas Propeller vs. Electric Propeller 7000 lbs 15000 lbs 7000 lbs Studies estimate a GTOW of 7,000 lb, very near threshold value Asymptote in electric propulsion trade study shows infeasibility

23. System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5 February 20, 2007 Slide 23 Questions? Thank you for your time! Comments and Questions?