1. Welcome This is a template to create an Instructional Design Document of the concept you have selected for creating animation. This will take you through a 5 section process to provide the necessary details to the animator before starting the animation. The legend on the left will indicate the current status of the document. The Black coloured number will denote the current section, the Turquoise color would denote the completed sections, and the Sky blue color would denote the remaining sections. The slides having 'Instructions' would have a Yellow box, as shown on the top of this slide. 1 5 3 2 4

2. k L a estimation Prof. Santosh Noronha 2D Animation

3. Definitions and Keywords Mass transfer- Transfer of mass from high concentration to low concentration. Mass transfer coefficient (k L )-The mass transfer coefficient is a diffusion rate constant that relates the mass transfer rate, mass transfer area, and concentration gradient as driving force. Phase- A physically distinctive form of a substance, such as the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of ordinary matter k L a-The product of the mass transfer coefficient for transfer from one phase to another (k L ) and the interfacial area (a) between the two phases. Sparge-To introduce air or gas into a liquid. 5 3 2 4 1

4. INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE Concept details: In this section, provide the stepwise detailed explanation of the concept. Please fill in the steps of the explanation of the concepts in the table format available in the slides to follow (see the sample below). Resize the table dimensions as per your requirements. 1 5 3 2 4

5. Concept details 1 5 3 4 2 1 The experiment tab will give an animation of the actual experimental procedure, while the mechanism tab will involve an explanation of the actual mechanism of mass transfer in the in indicated two phase system. Two buttons should appear: 1. Experiment 2. Mechanism of mass transfer. On clicking the 'Experiment' button: The interface will show a reactor, filled with a liquid, as indicated in the diagram Initially the gas bubbles will not be visible. The pump source will be filled with solution. Refer To Diagram on the next slide

6. Diagram for Step 2 Agitator Bio reactor Gas Bubble Sparger Peristaltic Pump

7. Concept details 1 5 3 4 2 C AL2 C AL1 C crit Air off Air on t0t0 t1t1 t2t2 On the right hand side, there will a graph Initially, the graph will just show the axes. There will be no plot. Then, the animation will start. Initially the bioreactor will show no bubbles and the tank will be filled with a solution. As the animation begins, the oxygen bubbles will begin to rise through the sparger. The agitator will begin to rotate. The blades should be seen to rotate about the agitator axis. The agitator speed should increase, and with that, the bubble size should reduce. The solution will begin to be pumped, and the rod within the pump should be shown to rotate about an axis through the centre of the pump and normal to the plain of the screen and fall into the reactor through the indicated pipe. The graph will start indicating a straight line. This will happen for 5 sec. Refer to the next slide for'Text to be displayed'

8. Concept details 1 5 3 4 2 2 1, 2) This is the bioreactor in which the mass transfer characteristics will be studied. The graph will give a plot of the dissolved oxygen verses time. 3)The reactor has a sparger for bubbling oxygen from the bottom, an agitator for mixing, and facility for adding the oxygen consumer through the hopper. 4)We begin to sparge the reactor with oxygen. 5)We begin to add the sodium sulphite. When the rates of oxygen addition and consumption are equal, the concentration of oxygen becomes constant as indicated on the graph. 6)The oxygen addition is stopped. The concentration of dissolved oxygen begins to fall. 7) We begin to bubble the oxygen again, and the dissolved oxygen begins to rise, as can be seen in the graph. The dissolved oxygen finally reaches a saturation value. This step starts when the user clicks on 'Experiment' Button (contd from previous slide.)‏ Then, the oxygen bubbles will stop rising. The graph will indicate its straight line down. This will happen for another 5 sec. Then the oxygen bubbles will start to reappear, and the graph will begin its last curved portion. This will happen for 10 sec. The graph will finally be a horizontal straight line again.

9. Concept details 1 5 3 4 2 This will happen when the mechanism tab is clicked. 3 1, 2) This is the gas bubble, with the liquid film resisting mass transfer around it. 3,4) The oxygen molecules diffuse as indicated through first the bubble, then the liquid film and then the liquid bulk. 5) The gas liquid interface will appear thus. 1, 2)This indicates the gas liquid interface. 2) The concentration of oxygen in the gas bulk is a constant. 3)The liquid phase concentration of oxygen at the interface is given by Henry’s law. 4) The liquid phase concentration of oxygen begins to decay with distance from the interface. Liquid Film Gas Bubble Oxygen Diffusing 1. Referring to the adjacent diagram there should be no arrows or labels, only the two circles. 2. The labels for gas bubble and liquid film should appear. 3. The dotted arrow should start from the centre and begin to extend as shown, to the bubble surface, then film surface and finally outwards. 4. Then the label for oxygen diffusion should appear. 5. Then the box for selection should appear and zoom in on that. 6. Then follow procedure on the next slide

10. Concept details 1 5 3 4 2 4 This will happen when step 3 ends.  Show the two vertical films as on slide 11, without the horizontal and curved lines, or the labels.  The first horizontal line should appear from left to right, uptill the first vertical line.  Then the animation should pause till the commentary indicated in the IDD for this point is over.  Then the curved line should begin from the lower point and continue as indicated.  Then all the labels should appear. Liquid Phase Gas Phase C A2i C A2 C A1 Liquid Film

11. INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE Interactivity and Boundary limits expected in the animation In this section provide, interactivity options for all the parameters/components of the concept. For example:  Numerical values to change the state of the component: By providing input boxes  Drag and drop of components: To test the comprehension of the users  Movement of objects: To explain the action of the components Provide the boundary limits of the parameters, which will enable correctness of the results of the experiment. 1 5 3 2 4 gas

12. Interactivity and Boundary limits 1 5 2 4 3

13. INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE Questionnaire to test the user A small, (5 questions) questionnaire can be created in the next slide, to test the user's comprehension. This can be an objective type questionnaire. It can also be an exercise, based on the concept taught in this animation. 1 5 2 4 3

14. Questionnaire 1. What is the major driving force for the occurrence of diffusion? Answers: Concentration gradient. 2. Why are small bubbles introduced? Answers: That is done to increase the interfacial area. 1 5 2 4 3

15. INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE Links for further reading In the subsequent slide, you can provide links, which can be relevant for the user to understand the concept further. Add more slides in necessary 1 2 5 3 4

16. Links for further reading 1 2 5 3 4 Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Pauline M. Doran. Chapter 9 Mass Transfer. http://www.scribd.com/doc/16171932/ Determination-of-KLa

17. Thank you