1. Articulations AKA Joints

2. Articulations Where two bones meet. (Joint) Where two bones meet. (Joint)

4. Review Ligaments: Ligaments: Connect bone to bone Connect bone to bone Tendons Tendons Connect muscle to bone Connect muscle to bone

6. Two ways to Categorize Movement: Movement: Immovable, slightly moveable, freely moveable Immovable, slightly moveable, freely moveable Tissue Type: Tissue Type: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

7. Types of Joints Fibrous: Fibrous: Joint with NO movement. (sutures in cranium) Joint with NO movement. (sutures in cranium)

10. Types of Joints Cartilaginous : Slightly moveable joints. (vertebrate) Cartilaginous : Slightly moveable joints. (vertebrate)

13. Types of Joints 3. Synovial: Freely moveable (synovial joint) includes a capsule (bursa) that releases synovial fluid for lubrication. 3. Synovial: Freely moveable (synovial joint) includes a capsule (bursa) that releases synovial fluid for lubrication.

15. Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape Slide 5.52a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.29a–c

16. 1. Ball and Socket

17. 2. Condyloid

18. 3. Gliding Joint

19. 4. Hinge Joint

20. 5. Pivot Joint

21. 6. Saddle Joint

22. Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape Slide 5.52b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.29d–f

24. Arthroscopic Surgery

26. TYPES 1. Hinge: Knee and elbow 1. Hinge: Knee and elbow 2. Ball and Socket: ‘most moveable’ shoulder, hip. 2. Ball and Socket: ‘most moveable’ shoulder, hip. 3. Pivot: head, radius, ulna 3. Pivot: head, radius, ulna 4. Gliding: Carpals 4. Gliding: Carpals

27. Actions: Look in your text books starting on page 157 and write a brief explanation of the following actions: Look in your text books starting on page 157 and write a brief explanation of the following actions: Flexion, Extension, Rotation, Abduction, Adduction. Flexion, Extension, Rotation, Abduction, Adduction.

28. Hormones: PTH PTH Sex Hormones Sex Hormones Calcitonin Calcitonin Human Growth Hormone Human Growth Hormone

29. PTH Released by: Released by: Parathyroid Parathyroid Response: Response: Bones release calcium into the blood stream. Bones release calcium into the blood stream.

30. Calcitonin Released by: Released by: Thyroid Response: Response: Inhibits osteoclast activity

31. HGH Released by: Released by: Pituitary Gland Pituitary Gland Response: Response: Increases Calcium retention in bones and mineralization Increases Calcium retention in bones and mineralization

32. Sex Hormones Estrogen and Testosterone: Estrogen and Testosterone: Secreted by: Secreted by: Testes, Ovaries Testes, Ovaries Response: Response: Increase bone density and maturation. Increase bone density and maturation.