1. Using Quotations in a Research Paper

2. integrated smoothly: grammatical jolts: What is a signal phrase?

3. Signal Phrases (Transitions into Quotes)

4. Make sure the grammar of the quote is correct for the sentence you are creating with it.

5. Vary Your Sentences

6. Introduce Quotes with Correct Grammar

8. Verbs for Introducing Quotes

9. Practice Using Verbs for Introducing Quotes King said, “Let freedom ring” during his speech (Ross). The article says “black students saw the potential for using nonviolent resistance to undermine the system” (CORE's bold new strategy for the Civil Rights Movement). “Linda Brown was denied admission to her local elementary school in Topeka because she was black” (Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kans.). The city of Little Rock “shut public schools completely rather than continue to integrate.”

10. Quotation Checklist 1. Does each direct quote have quotation marks around it? 2. Is the author’s name included in the text or parenthetical citation for each summary, paraphrase, or quotation? 3. Is the page number included in the parenthetical cite, if available? 4. Is the author referred to by his/her last name in the text? 5. Is the end punctuation placed outside the parenthetical citations? 6. Are long quotes used sparingly? 7. Are quotations introduced by the writer or simply dropped in? 8. Are the signal phrases that introduce quotes grammatically correct? 9. Are quotes introduced with meaningful verbs and followed up with meaningful commentary of your own? 10. Is the sentence structure containing quotations varied? 11. Have you avoided beginning or ending paragraphs with quotations?