1. Navigation in Smaller Spaces Steve Smyth – MobileGIS Ltd, Cork, Ireland steve@mobilegis.com COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Smaller Spaces

2. COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces SummarySummary 1. Personal Navigation 2. Large Spaces 3. Smaller Spaces 4. Evolution from Large to Smaller 5. Site and Building Directories 6. Role of Standards

3. Personal Navigation Visiting things Component tasks – Selecting a destination thing – Planning – Wayfinding – Guidance – Understanding local environment Mediated by mobile device COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

4. Navigation Before Now Limited mostly to driving in large spaces – Consequence of largeness – Restricted business model Roads afford driving Other features and their affordances and lack of affordances are mostly ignored [Games, military, flight, and industrial simulations] COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

5. Spaces in which Things Find Themselves Space of large things – Inside (mostly doesnt happen) – Outside (mostly everything) – Approximately 2D (complete visualisation) Space of small things – Inside (surrounds) – Outside (up to half visible) – Inherently 3D – Artificial caves (buildings, tunnels) important COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

6. Large Spaces Perfect knowledge navigation – Single source models – Complete – Consistent Human cognition easy – Path knowledge – route/directions/simulation – Network knowledge – subway map – Area knowledge - map COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

7. A Large Space COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

8. Smaller Spaces Inherently three dimensional Interior and exteriors matter Exteriors are understandable as a whole – Shell of structure hulls – built caves – Slide show of visualizations Interiors are sequences of chambers – Connected by portals – Shell of chamber hull – Even simple buildings cannot be visualised COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

9. Detail

10. New Factors in Smaller Spaces Perfect knowledge model breaks down Too much detail Too many sources Too much change No consistency Incompleteness – Closed world – ignore incompleteness – Open world – acknowledge incompleteness COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

11. Contrasts with Large Spaces In large space, only roads count and no driving happens anywhere else – Approximation, even for cars – Sometimes off-road, trails and paths considered In smaller spaces many surfaces support walking, cycling, climbing, boating, and other activities under different circumstances – Barriers and false affordances become important – Most features are areal not linear COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

12. Evolution from Large to Smaller Can we apply what we know about large spaces to smaller spaces? Should we give up hope for perfect knowledge? If so, the paradigm changes to what? COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

13. [Suggested] Principles Pay attention to human cognition Incorporate mobile device sensors Offload hard conversion, mining, rendering, image processing, line-of-sight remotely as SaaS Agree to work with partial and contradictory information from multiple sources Build on a self-sustaining web of consumed and created resources ($$$, content, apps, services) COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

14. PracticePractice What is an example of a commercially realizable navigation service for smaller spaces? Consider what happens now when a person visits a smaller space: – Physical site plans – Building directories Aim to deliver a complete area understanding of the space. COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

15. Site and Building Directories Person finds directory for a smaller space at the beginning of a visit. Device holds a representation of a view that the human can remember from a single view. Owner of the space has a motivation to create of pay for creation of model. Publication mechanism required. Tools for model creation required. COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

16. Montelibretti Example Fire training centre operated by Italian Interior Ministry at Montelibretti, north of Rome Visiting firemen come for training Need shared reference for training exercises CNVVF Directory COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

17. EcologyEcology Owner of space – Funds model creation – Receives security or advertising benefit COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

18. EcologyEcology App developer – Uses web services for mining, conversion, rendering, path planning, image processing – Receives $$$ or glory End user – Uses app to gain knowledge of site – May pay for app – May pay for goods or services provided by site owner COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

19. EcologyEcology Service provider – Does computationally hard things Mining models and CAD data for directories Rendering Image processing Line-of-sight computations Path computations – Receives $$$ from owners and/or heavy commercial users on freemium model COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

20. EcologyEcology Tool provider – Enables model creation and maintenance – CAD and design applications – 3D modellers – Receives $$$ from (some) modellers COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

21. Role of Standards Content – Syntax – Semantics Content indexing and publication Modelling tools COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces

22. RecapRecap 1. Personal Navigation 2. Large Spaces 3. Smaller Spaces 4. Evolution from Large to Smaller 5. Site and Building Directories 6. Role of Standards COM.Geo 2011 - Open Geospatial Consortium IoT Workshop – Nav in Small Spaces