1. Microbes Microbes Bacteria and Protists

2. Three Domain Organizational Scheme Six Kingdoms PROKARYA

3. Bacteria Archaea

4. Sizes of Prokaryotic Cells Non-living entities made of genetic material + protective coat

5. Characteristics of Bacteria and Archaea ProkaryoticProkaryotic Single CelledSingle Celled Many nutritional modesMany nutritional modes –Heterotrophic –Autotrophic: photosynthetic or chemosynthetic Reproduce by binary fissionReproduce by binary fission Gene transfer with conjugationGene transfer with conjugation Cell wallCell wall

6. Binary Fission

7. Conjugation: Transfer of DNA From Donor to Recipient Sex Pilus Donor Recipient

8. Archaea Unique lipid membranes, cell walls, and ribosomal RNAUnique lipid membranes, cell walls, and ribosomal RNA MethanogensMethanogens –Convert CO 2 to methane –Found in swamps, hot springs, vent communities, cow stomachs Halophiles - survive in a concentrated salt environmentHalophiles - survive in a concentrated salt environment Thermoacidophiles - thrive in a hot, acidic environmentThermoacidophiles - thrive in a hot, acidic environment

9. Prokaryotic Metabolism 1.Photosynthetic Bacteria cyanobacteria—use H 2 O, release O 2 sulfur bacteria-- use H 2 S, release sulfur 2.Chemosynthetic Both bacteria and archaea use chemical energy from ammonia, nitrate or sulfur

10. Prokaryotic Metabolism 3. Heterotrophic—gain nutrients from other organisms  pathogenic = disease -causing  non-pathogenic  decomposers– live on dead organic matter  nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas into compounds plants can use convert nitrogen gas into compounds plants can use

11. Flesh-eating Bacteria

12. Adaptations to Severe Conditions Endospore formation protection against desiccation and temperature extremes Anaerobic metabolism can survive in the absence of oxygen

13. Applying Your Knowledge Which type of metabolism is used by A.Flesh-eating bacteria? B.Bacteria that use light energy to produce glucose? C.Bacteria that harness the chemical energy from sulfur to power their reactions? 1.Photosynthetic 2.Chemosynthetic 3.Heterotrophic

14. Characteristics of Protista EukaryoticEukaryotic Usually Single CelledUsually Single Celled Live in moist environmentsLive in moist environments Many nutritional modesMany nutritional modes –Heterotrophic –Autotrophic –Combination Sexual and asexual reproductionSexual and asexual reproduction

15. Three Groups of Protists Plant-like: Algae Fungus-Like: Water Molds, Slime Molds Animal-Like: Protozoa

16. Protist Reproduction Asexual Asexual reproduction occurs by mitosis. Sexual Sexual reproduction involves the exchange of genetic material across a cytoplasmic bridge.

17. Algae Photosynthetic Using Chloroplasts 1. Single-celled Algae Euglenoids have a single flagellum Dinoflagellates move with two whiplike flagella. Diatoms have silica shells.

18. A “Bloom” of Dinoflagellates Causes Red Tide

19. Algae Photosynthetic Using Chloroplasts 2. Multicellular Algae

20. Fungus-Like Protists Heterotrophic by Absorption Water mold Slime mold

21. Single, amoeba- like cells emerge from spores, crawl, and feed. When food is scarce, cells aggregate into slug- like mass called a pseudoplasmodium. Pseudoplasmodium migrates toward light, forms fruiting bodies that produce spores. fruiting bodies spores nucleus The Life Cycle of a Cellular Slime Mold

22. Protozoa Heterotrophic by IngestionHeterotrophic by Ingestion Distinguished by LocomotionDistinguished by Locomotion Sporozoans have no means of locomotion Sarcodines move with pseudopodia

23. Protozoa Heterotrophic by IngestionHeterotrophic by Ingestion Distinguished by LocomotionDistinguished by Locomotion Zooflagellates use flagella for movement. Ciliates use cilia for movement.

24. Applying Your Knowledge Which mode of nutrition is used by A.Cellular Slime Molds? B.Sarcodines like Amoebas? C.Multicellular Algae? D.Zooflagellates like Giardia? 1.Heterotrophic by Ingestion 2.Photosynthetic 3.Heterotrophic by Absorption