1. 1 Ir Michael P K Cheung Energy Efficiency Office Electrical and Mechanical Services Department The Government of the HKSAR The Role of Monitoring Energy End-Use in Reducing Green House Gas Emission

2. 2 Natural Gas Oil ImportedEnergy LPG Coal HK Energy End-Use Database

3. 3 Objectives  To provide the Government with energy end-use information  To assist the Government in the formulation and evaluation of energy efficiency programmes and policies HK Energy End-Use Database

4. 4 Scope  The Database covers internal civilian energy end-uses in Hong Kong.  It does not include energy exported, energy used for transportation between Hong Kong and foreign countries, Mainland, Macau & related areas and also energy used for military purposes etc. HK Energy End-Use Database

5. 5 Structure  4 sectors (residential, commercial, industrial and transport)  28 segments under the 4 sectors  21 end-uses  69 technologies (i.e. end-uses with different characteristics) HK Energy End-Use Database

6. 6 Commercial Residential Industrial TransportSector cooking eqpt - electricity cooking eqpt. - town gas cooking eqpt. - LPGTechnology RestaurantSegment Office Health Cooking Space conditioning LightingEnd-use Hot water HK Energy End-Use Database

7. 7 Approach  Both top-down and bottom-up approaches are used  Top-down approach involves the use of available energy supply data from various major utilities.  Bottom-up approach involves estimating the number of units in each segment, the penetration of various energy end-uses and technologies and the annual energy consumption per unit for each technologies (the Energy Use Intensity (EUI)). HK Energy End-Use Database

8. 8 Data Sources  Publications from Census & Statistics Department  Data supplied by other relevant Government Departments (e.g. Transport Department, Ratings and Valuation Department)  Survey data collected by the consultants  Data collected from various utilities (e.g. CLP Power, HEC, railway companies, bus companies, ferry companies etc.) HK Energy End-Use Database

9. 9 Total End-use Energy Consumption by Sectors (1994 – 2004) HK Energy End-Use Database 36% 10% 36% 18%

10. 10 2004-Residential Energy End-uses(52041TJ) HK Energy End-Use Database 12% 24% 19% 22% 23% Cooking Space conditioning Hot Water Lighting & Refrigeration Others

11. 11 2004-Commercial Energy End-uses(103646TJ) Cooking Space conditioning Lighting Office Equipment Others 40% 15% 13% 28% 4% HK Energy End-Use Database

12. 12 2004-Transport Energy End-uses(102431TJ) HK Energy End-Use Database Bus & Taxi Car & Motorcycle Goods Vehicle Rail & Others 17% 31% 17% 35%

13. 13 2004 Electricity End-use (141202TJ) HK Energy End-Use Database Others Hot Water Cookin g Industrial Process / Equipment Lighting & Refrigeration Space conditioning 34% 3% 30% 7% 3% 23%

14. 14 Present Status & Future Development  Updating of the Database  Energy Consumption Surveys  Handling Data Enquiry (http://www.emsd.gov.hk)http://www.emsd.gov.hk HK Energy End-Use Database

15. 15 Energy Consumption Indicators and Benchmarks A. A.Private Offices B. B.Commercial Outlets C. C.Hotels and Boarding Houses D. D.Universities, Post-secondary Colleges and Schools E. E.Hospitals and Clinics Buildings

16. 16 Energy Consumption Indicators and Benchmarks Vehicles A. A.Private Cars B. B.Light Goods Vehicles C. C.Medium Goods Vehicles D. D.Heavy Goods Vehicles E. E.Private Light Buses F. F.Non-Franchised Buses

17. 17 Energy Consumption Indicators   A quantitative measure of energy-use level   e.g. MJ/m 2 /annum Energy Consumption Indicators and Benchmarks Energy Consumption Benchmarks   A comparison of energy consumption indicators   e.g. 25 th percentile

18. 18 Forming Sub-groups Private Office Buildings Multiple Tenants, with Central A/C Multiple Tenants, without Central A/C Single Tenant, Whole Building Common Services & Tenants Consumption

19. 19 Forming Sub-groups: Commercial Outlets Commercial Outlets Outlets in Shopping Centres Stand-alone Outlets

20. 20 Main Deliverables Recommendations Energy Consumption Indicators Benchmarking Ware

21. 21 Primary and Secondary Indicators – Buildings  Primary indicators:  MJ/m 2 /annum  MJ/person/annum  MJ/m 2 /hour  MJ/person/hour  Secondary Indicators:  Building related indicators, e.g. building age, floor area, weather (Non-manageable SIs)  A/C temperature set-point, lighting type, occupant behaviour, maintenance practice (Manageable SIs)

22. 22 Energy consumption of tenant units Energy consumption of common services 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Multiple tenants buildings with central A/C Multiple tenants buildings without central A/C Single tenant whole building Energy consumed per unit floor area per year (MJ/m 2 /annum) Private Offices

23. 23 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 Outlets in shopping centres Standalone Outlets Chinese restaurants Non-chinese restaurants Fast-food, bars, etc. Supermarkets General retail (food) General retail (non-food) Common Services (with A/C in common area) Common Services (no A/C in common area) Energy consumed per unit floor area per year (MJ/m 2 /annum) Commercial Outlets

24. 24 Major Factors Affecting Consumption  Occupant behaviour  Operating & maintenance practices  Temperature set-point  Type of A/C systems  Type of lighting systems

25. 25 Hong Kong Vs Asian Countries Private Office (Whole Building) Note: Data of other countries are from APEC Energy Benchmark System in 2000.

26. 26 Potential Energy Savings 5% - 20% Improving O&M practices Replacing Inefficient Equipment

27. 27 Private Car Sub-groups & Segments  Sub-groups Under 1500 cc 1501-2000 cc 2001-2500 cc 2501-3000 cc over 3000 cc  Segments Hong Kong Island Kowloon New Territories

28. 28 Survey

29. 29   Primary indicators:   Litres/100 km   Annual average litres/person-km   Secondary Indicators:   Engine size, temperature, vehicle age, body type, transmission   Others: mean speed by zone, average occupancy, awareness, etc. Primary and Secondary Indicators - Vehicles

30. 30 Primary Indicator - Fuel Consumption 

31. 31 Regression Analysis  Y = 1.78 + 0.00303 X 1 + 0.168 X 2 + 1.28 X 3 + 0.105 X 4... Hong Kong Island Y = fuel consumption (l/100km) X 1 = engine size (cc) X 2 = mean monthly temperature X 3 = body type (0 = saloon, 1 = all other types) X 4 = vehicle age (years)

32. 32 Access through EMSD Website: Benchmarking Tool - Buildings http://www.emsd.gov.hk

33. 33 Benchmarking Tool - Vehicles Access through EMSD Website: http://www.emsd.gov.hk

34. 34 Conclusion  It can enable the Government to monitor and oversee the trend and developments in various energy end-use sectors  It facilitates the identification of the best areas for for improving energy efficiency in Hong Kong HK Energy End-Use Database

35. 35 Conclusion  Enable users to benchmark their energy consumption with other similar premises in Hong Kong and to identify areas for improvement in energy efficiency.  Enable vehicle owners and drivers as well as fleet managers to benchmark the fuel consumption of their vehicles with other similar vehicles in Hong Kong.  The tool will raise public awareness in energy efficiency, make people more conscientious in using energy and contribute towards a reduction of green house gas emission in Hong Kong. Indicators and Benchmarking

36. 36 Thank You !