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2. 1.Minerals 2

3. Minerals are solid substances formed in nature 3 Vocabulary minerals A solid substance formed in natured

4. Minerals are made of materials that were never alive A mineral always has the same chemical make-up 4

5. The atoms of a mineral are arranged in regular patterns and form shapes called crystals 5

6. 6 Vocabulary: crystals A solid in which the atoms are arranged in regular patterns

7. 7 Most minerals are formed by magma Vocabulary Magma The hot liquid rock inside Earth

8. 8 When magma cools slowly, minerals with large crystals are formed

9. When magma cools quickly minerals with small crystals form 9 DoleriteGabbro

10. Some minerals, like sulfur, are made up of one kind of atom There are about 3,000 different minerals on Earth 10

11. Others, like quartz, are made of more than one kind of atom 11

12. Minerals have properties that can be used to identify them 12 One of these properties is streak

13. 13 Vocabulary streak The color of a mineral when it is in powdered form

14. Sulfur is always yellow 14 Other minerals, like quartz, may be found in many colors

15. Luster, cleavage, and hardness are other properties used to identify minerals 15

16. 16 Vocabulary: luster Describes how shiny a mineral is when light hits it

17. 17 Some minerals, like sulfur, are dull Some minerals, like gold, are very shiny

18. 18 Vocabulary: cleavage The way a mineral breaks

19. 19 Mica breaks in one direction and forms sheets Sulfur breaks into many uneven pieces

20. 20 Vocabulary: hardness The ability of a mineral to be scratched

21. 21 Some minerals are so soft that they can be scratched by a fingernail Diamond, the hardest mineral, can scratch any other mineral

22. 22 In 1824, Friedrich Mohs developed a list of common minerals to compare their hardness called the Mohs Scale “Click me and I will sing for you” Says Taylor