1. Social Impact of ComputersBy
Mak Mang Tao

2. The Cashless Society
Companies with terminals linked to central computer can handle money transactions
Smart Card- money “added to the card(equipped with a chip) through add-value machine

3. Advantages and Disadvantages
Convenient, shopping no need to carry large amount of money
reduce the risk of robbery
save time, don’t have to wait in queues for withdrawing money
no foreign exchange for travelling overseas
Easy to spend more than you can afford
fraud- card is stolen and signature is fraud or the number changed through ironing and embossing
problems arise when computers breakdown or human errors

4. Unemployment and employment
Automation has cause threat to workers as computers controlled machine or robots are replacing them
however, the computer industry can create many new jobs
now, many jobs are computer related in order to work smoothly
but in the long run, the number of these jobs will decline as computer are easier to use
see 98-CE-STUD 1B 6(c)

5. Computers’ related jobs

6. Computers Related jobs
See 2000-CE-COMP STUD 1B 2(a),(b)

7. Change in work pattern Shorter working hours sharing jobs
reduce the age of retirement
“remote office” at home by using modem devices- reduce traffic jam, can work and do housework at the same time
enjoy more leisure time???or no private space???

8. New Lifestyle Computers are becoming easier to learn and to use
‘user-friendly’ interactive graphics-user interface (icons, menus…)
easier to train staff
multimedia environment makes people to use computer for learning and for entertaining e.g. learning a foreign language, browsing multimedia encyclopedia

9. Computer Ethics
Question (1) What if you do a friend a favour and make a copy on a blank diskette of a microcomputer game that he/she has admired ?
What’s your view?(Agree or disagree)
“Just one copy can’t hurt”
“Everybody does it, why shouldn’t I”
“Copying software is un-ethical”

10. Question (2) What if you have spent weeks of writing a project, but somebody else photocopy it and turn it in for a grade?
What will you feel?

11. Computer Ethics About what is right and what is wrong
users adopt a code of ethics 1. Do not violate the confidentiality of your employer 2. Use information responsibly 3. Do not violate the rights or privacy of others 4. Do not break the law

12. Topics of computer ethics
Privacy and confidentiality
Data transfer
Data accuracy
Software Piracy(盜版軟件)
Computer crime
Computer viruses

13. Privacy and confidentiality
Companies and government departments use computers to store confidential personal data e.g. medical records, tax information, credit card information, immigrate/emigrate records, public exam records, id-card number
may be illegally accessed, changed and abused(e.g.梁愛詩病歷報告外洩, X週刊報導某人資料)
Personal data must not kept longer than necessary
see 98-CE-COMP-STUD 1B 6(d)
see 99-CE-COMP-STUD 1B 4(e)

14. Data transfer Data can be easily transfer from one computer to another
mail order company can purchase mailing lists from special organizations which sell information of other people

15. Data accuracy Information about a person may be incorrect
e.g. a loan might be rejected for incorrect information(poor credit ratings)
ensure accuracy by data validation and verification and regularly updated

16. Software Piracy
Refers to illegal copying software(except for backup purposes)
include programmers who “steal” programs from the companies works for
copying copyrighted software and then reselling it breaks the copyright law.
Using unlicensed software is also breaking the law
Are you helping to sell the program or break the law?

17. Software piracy
Intellectual Property Department
see 97-CE-COMP-STUD IB 6(b)
see 99-CE-COMP-STUD IB 1(d)
see 00-CE-COMP-STUD IB 2(c)

18. Computer Crimes Theft of computer time
using employer’s computer to type term papers, calculate racing scores etc.
playing computer games during computer lessons
Manipulation of computer programs or data
student illegally gain access to school computer and change subject grades in school database
programmer working in a bank change the computer program and transfer funds into his own account

19. Computer Crimes Manipulation of computer programs or data
develop an electronic device which can rewrite the values of MTR stored-value tickets
develop a virus program(usually by hackers) and put it in a network, which not only destroy the data on disks but also spread the network
Theft of Data
computer criminals using home computers to break security codes and review confidential data bakns of the government

20. Computer Viruses
A virus is a subversive program that can corrupt , erase data files, or overwrites the boot sector. It replicates itself and spreads to other systems
can be imported through disks or networks
motives:
pride to demonstrate one’s computer knowledge and ability
revenge to vandalism
terrorism

21. Computer Viruses To minimize the damage by viruses, one should
avoid use of illegal software or program with unknown source
do a regular clean backup or disk files
perform virus scan and cleaning of hard disks
see 2000-CE-COMP STUD 1B 2(d)