1. Prospects of High Power Millimeter Wave Radar A. Tolkachev , B
Prospects of High Power Millimeter Wave Radar   A. Tolkachev , B. Levitan JSC «Radio Physics», Moscow M. Petelin Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod

2. Advantage of MMW radar HIGH PRECISION:
favorable relation between antenna diameter and beamwidth
high range resolution, if relative bandwidth is fixed

3. Difficulties of MMW radar
wave absorption by atmosphere:
0.05 dB/km at Ka band,
0.4 dB/km at W band;
wave scattering by rain and snow.
Dry high sites are preferable

4. Natural applications of MMW radar:
short distance radar,
cloud radar,
space surveillance radar
(elevation angles over 20 degrees, detection range up to 2000 km)
The last one needs the highest power.

5. MMW radar transmitters
Entirely solid-state phased arrays are capable to radiate only relatively low powers.
High powers can be produced by transmitters with final cascades based on vacuum tubes.

6. Number of tracked targets
HPMMW radar
name
country,
start time
Frequency band
Antenna, diameter
Output amplifiers
Number of tracked targets
"Alcor"
USA,
1983
Ka, W
Dish,
14 m
TWTs
2 × 50 kW 1
"Ruza"
USSR,
1989
(X), Ka
PAA,
7.2 m
Gyroklyst
2 × 500 kW 10
"Warloc"
2000 W
Dish
2.5 m
100 kW
"HUSIR"
2009
(X), W
36 m
Gyrotwist
4 × 50 kW
“SUFFA”
Russia
Uzbekistan
????
70 m
Gyroamps

7. HEMISPHERIC COVERAGE RADAR COMPLEX: X-band “ARGUN” & Ka-band “RUZA”

8. 34 GHz /1 MW semi-active phased array Elementary transmit-receive
Cossegrain module

10. «Ruza» performance 1300 km 0.2 50 30 Detection range for 1 m2 RCS
Angular RMS accuracy
0.2
Electronic-steering sector
50
Simultaneously tracked targets 30

11. Velocity lag of plasma trace from reentry vehicle measured by «Ruza» radar
Radar data and theoretical estimates obtained on the data reveal the possibility of discriminating the multiple ballistic target
at the height none the less
(target reentry elevation 30o , velocity 5 km/s) :
Inflatable reference reflector – 125 km
Light decoys – 90 – 110 km
Airframes and motor cases – 75 km
γ [m2/kg]= 1/CB - ballistic coefficient
К – airframes and motor cases; ГЧ – reentry vehicle;
МЭО – metallized reference reflector; ЛЛЦ – light decoy;
НЭО – inflatable reference reflector; ТЛЦ – heavy decoy
Theoretical and experimental discrimination
height of observed target as a function
of its ballistic coefficient
Oscillograms of the tracked reentry
vehicles returns
Realization of plasma trace returns
with regard to tracked reentry vehicle returns

12. HUSIR W-band transmitter with synthesized frequency band
diplexer
Solid-state amplifier
gyroTWT
gyrotwystrons
antenna

13. Frequency band composed of
HUSIR is specified for up-to-geostationary satellite imaging with 3 cm range resolution.
Frequency band composed of
4 sub-bands
GHz
Each gyrotwystron
peak power
55 kW
Duty
10%

14. MMW radar classification
applications
transmitter type
low power
phased arrays
collision avoidance
solid state
medium power radar
seaport and airport surveillance
vacuum
high power radar
space surveillance

15. HPMMW radar problems high power amplifiers, multiplexers, duplexers,
monopulse configurations,
passive-active phased arrays,
signal processing.

16. MEDIUM POWER RADAR
mechanical hemispherical coverage,
agile electrically controlled wave beam forming and scanning.

17. Agile high-range-resolution broad-angle scanning needs sub-arrays with controlled time delays3
phase front
Controlled phase shifters
Controlled time delays

18. A project of
mobile MMW radar

19. Wave combining Frequency band synthesizing Transmit-receive switching
HIGH-POWER RADAR
Wave combining
Frequency band synthesizing
Transmit-receive switching

20. SPACE DEBRIS SURVEILLANCE RADAR
RCS m2 detection range 1500 km
Angular precision 10”

21. Discrete wave beam scanner
Possible applications:
DLDS of electron-positron collider,
suppression of plasma instabilities

22. Multiplexer for radar with synthesized frequency band
N-2, N-1 , N
N-2 1
3 , … N
1, 2 , … N
SN-1 S1
SN-2 S2 2

23. Non-resonant 3D near-Littrow multiplexing: conceptual idea

24. Non-resonant frequency
Resonant diplexer 1 1 2
Output 1
Resonant frequency
Diplexer
Non-resonant frequency
Output 2
Output 1
Output 2
|2 - 1 |<< 1,2

25. Synthesizing of frequency band
Common TR control and signal
processing unit
Multiplexer
1 TR module
N TR module
2 TR module j
Amplifier
TR switch
Digitized signal
Analogous receiver
ADC
j transmit-receive module

26. MULTIPLEXER THEORY Diplexer transmission Diplexer non-resonant loss
Transmit mode: output spectrum
Receive mode: signal in j-th channel

27. Transmit mode of multi-channel communication system1 2 3 4 5
Transmit mode of radar with synthesized frequency band 1 2 3 4 5

28. RADAR WITH SYNTHESIZED FREQUENCY BAND
Target image obtained with
optimized MTI algorithm

29. TRANSMIT-RECEIVE SWITCH
antenna duplexer T R
dummy
load
transmitter
polarizer
antenna
receiver
protector
polarization
separator

30. MONOPULSE “SUFFA” (the simplest version)
TRANSMIT
ANTENNA
DUPLEXERS
RECEIVE

31. Synthesized-frequency-band “SUFFA”GA
EIK
antenna duplexer 1 2 n
Multi-plexer
Trans-mitter
Receiver

32. space debris
detection RADAR

33. Thank you