1. Application of All-Optical Signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network (NGN) Mikio Yagi, Shiro Ryu (1), and Shoichiro Asano (2) 1: Laboratories, Japan Telecom Co., Ltd. 2: National Institute of Informatics Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical Signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network (NGN) May 4, 2005

2. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 2 Agenda Future networks, applications, and key technologies Our recent activities –All-optical 2R regeneration systems experiment –Field trial of 40-Gbit/s wavelength path with quality assurance by optical 2R regeneration system Conclusion

3. Future networks, applications, and key technologies.

4. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 4 NGN applications GRID computing Genome information analysis High energy and nuclear fusion research Space and astronomical science IT-Based Laboratory (ITBL) Storage area network (SAN)

5. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 5 What is needed for the future network ? Task Result Communication style –Human to human –Human to computer –Computer to computer All-optical network Global GRID computing

6. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 6 Next generation network: All-optical network DWDM Mesh Network IP router PXC Photonic crossconnect Interwork DWDM Any client signal GMPLS: Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching All-optical signal processing node

7. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 7 All-optical network characteristics Stringent security On-demand Topology-free Bit-rate-free Small latency Protocol-free High speed / High capacity

8. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 8 Key technologies for the future network : Physical layer Switching technologies in repeater node –Optical crossconnect (OXC)/Photonic crossconnect (PXC) High-speed switching –Optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM) All-optical signal processing technologies –All-optical regeneration 2R regeneration (reamplifying and reshaping) 3R regeneration (reamplifying, reshaping, and retiming) –Optical wavelength conversion –Compensation of fiber parameter effect (Chromatic dispersion / Polarization-mode dispersion) Optical signal quality measurement technology

9. Our recent activities

10. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 10 Super SINET project Super SINET is an ultrahigh-speed network intended to develop and promote Japanese academic researches by strengthening collaboration among leading academic research institutes. http://www.sinet.ad.jp/english/super_sinet.html High energy and nuclear fusion Space and astronomical science Genome information analysis (bio- informatics) Supercomputer-interlocking distributed computing (GRID) Nanotechnology

11. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 11 Our challenge For realization of future ultra-high-speed all-optical network –Physical layer Chromatic dispersion compensation technologies [Internet2 Fall 2004MM] All-optical regeneration technologies –All-optical 2R regeneration systems experiment –Field trial of 40Gbit/s wavelength path quality assurance using all-optical 2R regeneration system –Control plane –Service application

12. All-optical 2R regeneration systems experiment

13. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 13 2R regeneration and 3R regeneration Retiming Reamplifying Reshaping 3R regeneration Reamplifying Reshaping 2R regeneration

14. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 14 How can all-optical 2R regeneration be realized ? 2R regeneration : –reamplifying and reshaping Amplified amplitude Noise of level 1 Noise of level 0 Input signal Input vs output characteristic of an optical device that has non-linear effect

15. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 15 How can all-optical 2R regeneration be realized? (Cont.) 2R regeneration : –reamplifying and reshaping Amplified amplitude Noise suppression Noise of level 1 Noise of level 0 IN OUT Input signal Input vs output characteristic of an optical device that has non-linear effect Output signal An electro-absorption modulator (EAM) has an effect of noise suppression. Optical device Input Output Optical device

16. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 16 Experiment of 320-km transmission with 2R system WDM 1 2 2R regeneration system 320-km w/o 2R Q-factor: 16.9dB 320-km with 2R Q-factor: 17.7dB 0.8dB improvement The all-optical 2R regeneration system can improve degraded signal.

17. Field trial: 40Gbit/s wavelength path quality assurance using all-optical 2R regeneration system M. Yagi, et al., “Field trial of 40-Gbit/s wavelength path quality assurance using GMPLS-controlled all-optical 2R regenerator,” Proc. OFC2005, OThP3, Mar. 2005.

18. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 18 Application of all-optical 2R regeneration technology to NGN A wavelength path changes dynamically. –Network protection/restoration –Peer-to-peer wavelength path application A wavelength path changes dynamically. –Network protection/restoration –Peer-to-peer wavelength path application Fiber parameters change along the path. –Chromatic dispersion –Polarization-mode dispersion Fiber parameters change along the path. –Chromatic dispersion –Polarization-mode dispersion A signal quality may be degraded by the change of the path. –Signal-noise-to ratio (SNR) A signal quality may be degraded by the change of the path. –Signal-noise-to ratio (SNR)

19. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 19 Application of all-optical 2R regeneration technology to NGN (Cont.) The wavelength path is reconfigured dynamically. –Future all-optical network is controlled by GMPLS protocol. –Signal quality after the reconfiguration of a path can not be predicted in advance. –The signal quality after the reconfiguration should be kept high, e.g. over a BER of 1x10 -12. All-optical regeneration technology is considered to be effective for the improvement of the SNR of the path. –If an all-optical regenerator is adaptively applied to a degraded path, its application will make it possible to improve the quality of the path. Measurement plane is essential for all-optical network. - Multilayer integration is effective to manage network generally.

20. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 20 Objective In this work –Field trial in which an all-optical 2R regenerator using an electro- absorption modulator is adaptively applied to a degraded 40- Gbit/s wavelength path based on the measurement of its quality. –This operation is realized by multilayer integration systems among a GMPLS control plane, a measurement plane, and a data plane. In this work –Field trial in which an all-optical 2R regenerator using an electro- absorption modulator is adaptively applied to a degraded 40- Gbit/s wavelength path based on the measurement of its quality. –This operation is realized by multilayer integration systems among a GMPLS control plane, a measurement plane, and a data plane.

21. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 21 Location and experimental setup of field trial GMPLS Control plane Data plane Yame Station Fukuoka Station Tosu Station Route 2 (66-km NZDSF) Route 1 (35-km SMF) First span (66-km NZDSF) Second span Third span (31-km NZDSF) Route 2 (31-km NZDSF) Kyushu University 40-Gbit/s receiver Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) -DEMUX Chromatic dispersion compensator Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter) -MUX PXC Kyushu University GMPLS controller GMPLS controller GMPLS controller GMPLS controller Optical amplifier SC-DCF Optical amplifier SC-DCF VOA Optical amplifier GMPLS controller 40-Gbit/s, 32-channel WDM transmitters SC-DCF: Slope-compensating dispersion compensation fiber, PXC: Photonic cross-connect -MUX -DEMUX All-optical 2R system Q-factor measurement Measurement plane All-optical 2R system

22. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 22 Multilayer integration system GMPLS Control plane Data plane Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) -DEMUX Chromatic dispersion compensator -MUX PXC Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter) Measurement plane 1. Path Setup Request Data plane 2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup ) 3. RSVP - RESV Service plane 1. Service request 2. Path setup All-optical 2R system 40-Gbit/s receiver Q-factor measurement

23. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 23 GMPLS Control plane Data plane -DEMUX Chromatic dispersion compensator -MUX PXC Multilayer integration system GMPLS Control plane Measurement plane 1. Path Setup Request Data plane 2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup ) 3. RSVP - RESV 4. Data plane setup 5. CD measurement Service plane 1. Service request Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter) Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter) All-optical 2R system 40-Gbit/s receiver Q-factor measurement

24. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 24 GMPLS Control plane Data plane -DEMUX Chromatic dispersion compensator -MUX PXC Multilayer integration system GMPLS Control plane Measurement plane 1. Path Setup Request Data plane 2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup ) 3. RSVP - RESV 4. Data plane setup 5. CD measurement Service plane 1. Service request 7. Set the value to CD compensator 6. Receive the measured CD value Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter) Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) Chromatic dispersion compensator CD value All-optical 2R system 40-Gbit/s receiver Q-factor measurement

25. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 25 GMPLS Control plane Data plane -DEMUX Chromatic dispersion compensator -MUX PXC Multilayer integration system GMPLS Control plane Measurement plane 1. Path Setup Request Data plane Service plane Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter) Optical-2R system 40-Gbit/s receiver 8. Q-factor measurement 9. If Q-factor is less than a threshold value, 2R system is applied. 10. To incorporate the 2R system into the current path 11. Path reservation All-optical 2R system Q-factor measurement Q-factor measurement

26. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 26 GMPLS Control plane Data plane -DEMUX Chromatic dispersion compensator -MUX PXC Multilayer integration system GMPLS Control plane Measurement plane 1. Path Setup Request Data plane Service plane Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) Chromatic dispersion compensator Optical-2R system 40-Gbit/s receiver 8. Q-factor measurement 9. If Q-factor is less than a threshold value, 2R system is applied. 10. Incorporate the 2R system into the current path 11. Path reservation is finished. All-optical 2R system Q-factor measurement Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter) Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) CD value 12. CD measurement 13. CD compensation

27. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 27 GMPLS Control plane Data plane -DEMUX Chromatic dispersion compensator -MUX PXC Multilayer integration system GMPLS Control plane Measurement plane 1. Path Setup Request Data plane Service plane Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) Optical-2R system 40-Gbit/s receiver 8. Q-factor measurement 9. If Q-factor is less than a threshold value, 2R system is applied. 10. Incorporate the 2R system into the current path 11. Path reservation is finished. All-optical 2R system Q-factor measurement Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter) 12. CD measurement 13. CD compensation Q-factor measurement 14. Q-factor measurement 15. If a Q-factor is larger the threshold value, path setup is completed.

28. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 28 GMPLS Control plane Data plane -DEMUX Chromatic dispersion compensator -MUX PXC Multilayer integration system GMPLS Control plane Measurement plane 1. Path Setup Request Data plane Service plane Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) Optical-2R system 40-Gbit/s receiver 8. Q-factor measurement 9. If Q-factor is less than a threshold value, 2R system is applied. 10. Incorporate the 2R system into the current path 11. Path reservation is finished. All-optical 2R system Q-factor measurement Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter) 12. CD measurement 13. CD compensation 16. Service in 14. Q-factor measurement 15. If a Q-factor is larger the threshold value, path setup is completed.

29. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 29 Experimental results Performance evaluation A fault is generated intentionally to initiate a rerouting operation from Route 1 to 2. Measurement of the error count is started. A BER of Route 1 was set at about 1x10 -12. GMPLS Control plane Data plane Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver) -DEMUX Chromatic dispersion compensator Chromatic dispersion analyzer (transmitter) -MUX PXC All-Optical 2R system 40-Gbit/s receiver Q-factor measurement Route 1 Route 2

30. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 30 Experimental results Error count v.s. time in rerouting operation Fig.b : Multilayer integration system operation with 2R regenerator. Fig.a : Multilayer integration system operation without 2R regenerator. 29.5 sec 10.0 sec Multilayer integration system with 2R regenerator is effective to ensure the quality of the wavelength path.

31. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 31 Experimental results Sequence diagram of multilayer integration system operation RSVP Path / Resv (Route 1) Time [sec] GMPLS control plane CD measurement Q measurement : (17.3dB) Service in Receive the “ready” Fault detection, RSVP PathTear RSVP Path / Resv (Route 2 w/o 2R) Set the CD value Q measurement : (16.0dB) Receive the request to “add 2R” RSVP Path / Resv (Route 2 w 2R) Set the CD value Q measurement : (17.2dB) Service in Receive the “ready” Route 1 Route 2 w/o 2R Route 2 with 2R RSVP PathTear Rerouting process (CD Compensator /2R system) Measurement plane Signal quality [Q-factor] measurement Data plane CD measurement 0.0 11.4 76.2 77.1 90.8 90.9 105.7 12.8 Setup of Route 1 Rerouting operation Service-in using Route 2 with 2R Service-in using Route 1

32. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 32 Experimental results Sequence diagram of multilayer integration system operation ( Rerouting operation) Time [sec] GMPLS control plane Q measurement : (16.0dB) Q measurement : (17.2dB) Service in Receive the “ready” Route 2 w/o 2R Route 2 with 2R Receive the request to “add 2R” RSVP Path / Resv (Route 2 w 2R) RSVP PathTear Fault detection, RSVP PathTear RSVP Path / Resv (Route 2 w/o 2R) Rerouting process (CD Compensator /2R system) Measurement plane Signal quality [Q-factor] measurement Data plane Set the CD value CD measurement Set the CD value CD measurement 76.2 77.1 90.9 105.7 82.5 90.8 97.5 105.7

33. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 33 Experimental results Sequence diagram of multilayer integration system operation ( Rerouting operation) Time [sec] GMPLS control plane Q measurement : (16.0dB) Q measurement : (17.2dB) Service in Receive the “ready” Route 2 w/o 2R Route 2 with 2R Receive the request to “add 2R” RSVP Path / Resv (Route 2 w 2R) RSVP PathTear Fault detection, RSVP PathTear RSVP Path / Resv (Route 2 w/o 2R) Rerouting process (CD Compensator /2R system) Measurement plane Signal quality [Q-factor] measurement Data plane Set the CD value CD measurement Set the CD value CD measurement 76.2 77.1 0.9 sec 90.9 0.02 sec 105.7 5.4sec 8.2 sec 82.5 5.6 sec 90.8 9.5 sec 97.5 0.01 sec 105.7 Total fault time: 29.5 sec

34. Conclusion

35. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 35 Conclusion A field trial of 40-Gbit/s wavelength path quality assurance by multilayer integration system operation among a GMPLS control plane, a measurement plane, and a data plane has been demonstrated successfully. All-optical 2R regeneration system can effectively be applied for the signal quality improvement in all-optical network. This method can integrate not only 2R regenerator but also 3R regenerator. A field trial of 40-Gbit/s wavelength path quality assurance by multilayer integration system operation among a GMPLS control plane, a measurement plane, and a data plane has been demonstrated successfully. All-optical 2R regeneration system can effectively be applied for the signal quality improvement in all-optical network. This method can integrate not only 2R regenerator but also 3R regenerator.

36. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 36 Open issues Higher capacity switching Higher speed transmission system technologies (160 Gbit/s …..) Signal quality monitoring method based on all-optical processing Multilayer integration including higher layer. Network security (data plane, control plane) Appropriate routing methods for IP-optical integrated network Network management including physical layer parameters There are a lot of issues to be resolved for realization of the all-optical network.

37. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 37 Thank you for your kind attention !

38. Internet2 Spring 2005 Member Meeting Application of GMPLS Technology and All-Optical signal Regeneration Technology to Next-Generation Network Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and National Institute of Informatics. 4/May/2005 38