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Lipids
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Lipids = fats that are mostly energy storing molecules Hydrophobic Two “Monomers” = glycerol and fatty acids Lipids
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Monomers Glycerol contains the hydroxyl (OH) group. Fatty acids contain the carboxyl (COOH) group.
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Structure of a Lipid Dissolves in water (hydrophilic)hydrophilic Does not dissolve in water (hydrophobic)
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Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fatty Acids
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Saturated Fats have a strong link to arthrosclerosis (hardening of the arteries due to plaque buildup). Take a look at the structure of these two fats, and explain why.
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Clogged Arteries
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Steroids Lipids where carbon skeleton contain four rings
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Review Guide!!!! 2. Lipids
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Lipids (Fats/Oils) – Section 3.8 pg. 40 A.K.A. ______________________ Structure: – Glycerol “head” and 3 fatty acid tail _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _ CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2
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Function: _________________________ – 9 calories / gram of triglyceride – Now make a Venn diagram Saturated vs. Unsaturated
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Saturated Fats Saturated: – Straight tails – Not healthy – No double bonds in the fatty acid tail – Solid at room temperature – Dense, compact, can pack together easily. (EW!) Ex - Butter
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Unsaturated Fats Contain C=C double bonds in one or more of the fatty acid tails Liquid at room temperature Better for you – Ex – Olive Oil Bent Tails
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Both Glycerol head with three fatty acid tails 9 calories/gram Energy storage Contain Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), & Oxygen (O) Triglycerides
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Proteins
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Monomers: Amino Acids Structure of Amino Acids: Amino Group, Carboxyl Group, and an R Group R Group: chemical group that varies between the 20 different amino acids (everything else stays the same)
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Protein Function Most important role = Enzymes! An enzyme is a chemical catalyst that speed up and regulate almost all chemical reactions in cells. Most important role = Enzymes! An enzyme is a chemical catalyst that speed up and regulate almost all chemical reactions in cells. Structure = Function
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Globular ProteinsFibrous Proteins Found in enzymes, some hormones, and hemoglobin Can dissolve in water (hydrophilic) Found in skin, tendons, bones, and muscles Do not dissolve in water (hydrophobic)
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Linking Amino Acids!
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Review Guide!!!! 3. Proteins
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PROTEINS Always contain nitrogen. Amino Acids are the building blocks. Amino groupCarboxyl group
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proteins Amino acids are connected through: Dehydration synthesis Dipeptides are made from _2_ amino acids Polypeptides are made from _3+_ amino acids The long chains “scrunch up” through chemical bonds and form a ribbon structure. The shape of a protein determines its function.
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Functions of proteins 1.Enzymes!!!! MOST important function 2.Structural proteins (hair, ligaments, etc.) 3.Contractile proteins (muscles) 4.Defensive proteins (antibodies) 5.Signal proteins (hormones / messengers) 6.Receptor proteins (signal transmitters) 7.Transport proteins (deliver O 2 around the body) 8.Storage proteins (egg yolk, milk, plant seeds, etc.)
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Nucleic Acids
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Nucleic Acids: 3.14 PG 46 Two Types: ● DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid ● RNA = Ribonucleic acid Monomers: Nucleotides Key Functional Group: Phosphate Group
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More information to come in our DNA unit! -Complimentary bases -Transcription -Translation
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Review / Studying Please use the following materials to review for this unit test: – PowerPoint Presentation Notes! – Organic Molecules Review Guide! – Organic Molecules Worksheet! – Biochemistry Study Guide!
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