1. Lipids

2. Lipids = fats that are mostly energy storing molecules Hydrophobic Two “Monomers” = glycerol and fatty acids Lipids

3. Monomers Glycerol contains the hydroxyl (OH) group. Fatty acids contain the carboxyl (COOH) group.

4. Structure of a Lipid Dissolves in water (hydrophilic)hydrophilic Does not dissolve in water (hydrophobic)

5. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fatty Acids

6. Saturated Fats have a strong link to arthrosclerosis (hardening of the arteries due to plaque buildup). Take a look at the structure of these two fats, and explain why.

7. Clogged Arteries

8. Steroids Lipids where carbon skeleton contain four rings

9. Review Guide!!!! 2. Lipids

10. Lipids (Fats/Oils) – Section 3.8 pg. 40 A.K.A. ______________________ Structure: – Glycerol “head” and 3 fatty acid tail _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _ CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2

11. Function: _________________________ – 9 calories / gram of triglyceride – Now make a Venn diagram Saturated vs. Unsaturated

12. Saturated Fats Saturated: – Straight tails – Not healthy – No double bonds in the fatty acid tail – Solid at room temperature – Dense, compact, can pack together easily. (EW!) Ex - Butter

13. Unsaturated Fats Contain C=C double bonds in one or more of the fatty acid tails Liquid at room temperature Better for you – Ex – Olive Oil Bent Tails

14. Both Glycerol head with three fatty acid tails 9 calories/gram Energy storage Contain Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), & Oxygen (O) Triglycerides

15. Proteins

16. Monomers: Amino Acids Structure of Amino Acids: Amino Group, Carboxyl Group, and an R Group R Group: chemical group that varies between the 20 different amino acids (everything else stays the same)

17. Protein Function Most important role = Enzymes! An enzyme is a chemical catalyst that speed up and regulate almost all chemical reactions in cells. Most important role = Enzymes! An enzyme is a chemical catalyst that speed up and regulate almost all chemical reactions in cells. Structure = Function

18. Globular ProteinsFibrous Proteins Found in enzymes, some hormones, and hemoglobin Can dissolve in water (hydrophilic) Found in skin, tendons, bones, and muscles Do not dissolve in water (hydrophobic)

19. Linking Amino Acids!

20. Review Guide!!!! 3. Proteins

21. PROTEINS Always contain nitrogen. Amino Acids are the building blocks. Amino groupCarboxyl group

22. proteins Amino acids are connected through: Dehydration synthesis Dipeptides are made from _2_ amino acids Polypeptides are made from _3+_ amino acids The long chains “scrunch up” through chemical bonds and form a ribbon structure. The shape of a protein determines its function.

23. Functions of proteins 1.Enzymes!!!!  MOST important function 2.Structural proteins (hair, ligaments, etc.) 3.Contractile proteins (muscles) 4.Defensive proteins (antibodies) 5.Signal proteins (hormones / messengers) 6.Receptor proteins (signal transmitters) 7.Transport proteins (deliver O 2 around the body) 8.Storage proteins (egg yolk, milk, plant seeds, etc.)

24. Nucleic Acids

25. Nucleic Acids: 3.14 PG 46 Two Types: ● DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid ● RNA = Ribonucleic acid Monomers: Nucleotides Key Functional Group: Phosphate Group

26. More information to come in our DNA unit! -Complimentary bases -Transcription -Translation

27. Review / Studying Please use the following materials to review for this unit test: – PowerPoint Presentation Notes! – Organic Molecules Review Guide! – Organic Molecules Worksheet! – Biochemistry Study Guide!