1. PHYSIOLOGY 1B By: Ryan Batten, Taylor Olson, Chloe Arnold, Sophie Charlot, and Reid Ponder

2. REFLEX ARCH  1. Detection of signals from the outside environment of detection of deviation (change) from homeostasis from the internal environment  2. Integration of multiple signals from outside and inside to produce appropriate response  Response to counteract stimulus being detected  This system builds the reflex arch.

3. THE BRAIN

4. ORGANIZATION OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS ) PNS Sensory Motor Sensing External Environment Parasympathetic Slowing Down Sympathetic Speeding Up Rest and Digest Fight or Flight

5. 3 TYPES OF NEURONS  Sensory Neurons- Neurons that carry incoming information form the sense to the CNS.  Interneurons- CNS neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and the motor outputs  Motor Neurons- Carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscle glands.

6. STRUCTURE OF A NEURON

7. HOW DO NEURONS SEND SIGNALS  The point of contact at which impulses are passed from one cell to another are known as Synapse  Neurons that transmit impulses to other neurons do not actually touch each other. The small Gap or Space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron is called the Synapse  One importance of the presence of Synapses is that they ensure one-way transmission of impulses in a living person  The Axon Terminals at Synapse contain tiny vesicles, or sacs. These are known as Neurotansmitters.  Neurotransmitters is a chemcial substance that is used by one neuron to signal another. The impulses is changed from an electriacal impulse to a chemical impulse

8. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM  Chemical Signals- detects deviation from homeostasis (stimulus) and signals cells for a coordinated action to counteract the deviation (response)  Homeostasis- Maintaining a stable internal environment  Send out hormones to the body  Hormone- A chemical substance formed in the body that is carried in the bloodstream to affect another part of the body The goal is to maintain homeostasis

9.  Pituitary  Pancreas  Thyroid  Hypothalamus  Parathyroid  Adrenal Glands  Reproductive Glands ENDOCRINE GLANDS

10. TARGET CELLS

11. ENDOCRINE GLAND CELL Endocrine Gland Chemical Hormone Target Cell (protein receptor) Response InhibitStimulus

12.  What lobe controls speech? A.Frontal Lobe B.Temporal lobe C.Occipital lobe MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS  What is the order of the reflex arch? A.Detection, Integration, Response B. Integration, Detection, Response, C.Response, Integration, Detection

13.  What is the Basic cell of the nervous system? A.Capillary B.Nephron C.Neuron MORE QUESTIONS  How do neurons transmit signals to each other? A.Electric Impulses B.Chemical Transmitters C.Both A and B

14.  How is the sensory peripheral nervous system organized? A.PNS, sensory, sensing external environment, Sensing internal environment B.PNS, sensory, parasympathetic C.PNS, sensory, fight or flight MORE QUESTIONS  What does the Central Nervous System Consist of? A.Neurons and other cells associated B.Brain and Spinal Chord C.Neurons and Axons

15.  What are the 3 types of neurons? A.Sensory Neurons, Motor Neurons, Inter Neurons B.Spinal Neurons, Brain Neurons, Connecting Neurons C.Heart Neurons, Bone Neurons, Muscular Neurons MORE QUESTIONS  What is the purpose of the endocrine system? A.Maintain homeostasis by releasing hormones. B.Provide cells with nutrients C.Retain the shape of organisms

16.  Where is the Pituitary Gland? A.Near the stomach B.Base of the skull C.Directly above the bone MORE QUESTIONS  What is the point of contact at which impulses are passed from one cell to another? A.Schwann Cell B.Nodes of Ranvier C.Synapse

17. QUESTION KEY AACCABABBCAACCABABBC