1. B.Satyanarayana Department of High Energy Physics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, 400 005 E-mail: bsn@tifr.res.inbsn@tifr.res.in Electronics, trigger and DAQ system for INO prototype detector and A few thoughts for ICAL detector

2. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 20062 INO prototype detector Detector and signal specifications –Detector dimensions: 1m X 1m X 1m (approx.) –14 layers (max) of RPCs with 6cm iron plates interleaved. –Two signal planes orthogonal to each other and each having 32 pick-up strips –Total channels = 32 X 14 X 2 = 896 –Pulse height = 100 to 300mV; Rise time = < 1 ns –Pulse width = ~50ns; Rate ~ 1KHz Trigger information –Expected trigger rate is few Hz –Required (in situ) trigger logic is m X n fold, where –m = 1 to 4; no. of consecutive channels in a layer –n = 5 to 1; no. of consecutive layers with m fold in each layer –i.e. m x n = (1 x 5) OR (2 x 4) OR (3 x 3) OR (4 x 2) –External scintillate paddle based trigger Information to be recorded on a trigger –Absolute arrival time of the trigger –Track identification (XYZ points in RPC layers) –Direction of track ( TDC information) –Miscellaneous information and calibration data Monitoring health of the detector

3. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 20063 Readout scheme for prototype

4. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 20064 Fast preamplifier Provided by Electronic Division, BARC Currently being used with avalanche mode operation Fixed gain (10), single channel, single polarity, with discrete components (availability issues)

5. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 20065 Preamp hybrid Bipolar operation tested To be packaged into a hybrid (BEL) Possible to mount on the RPC pickup strips Will improve signal to noise Fabrication procedure –Circuit schematic by BARC –Layout preparation by BEL (2-3 weeks) –Pilot production by BEL and validation (1 month) –Final production (4-6 weeks) –Problem: Purchase procedural delays (File with IFA)

6. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 20066 16-channel analog front-end Based on Analog Devices’ Quad-device Fast comparator with ECL outputs Wire ORed pre-trigger outputs Production board tested with RPC strip signals Works as good as commercial units Components being procured Ready for production (2-3 months) Partial production boards arrived

7. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 20067 32-channel digital front-end

8. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 20068 Digital front-end status Logic fused into a CPLD XC 95288 -HQ708 Code tested on a simulator and hardware using a pattern generator Jig fabricated to test the logic on RPC signals Work in progress (2 weeks); delayed due to manpower redeployment; restarted now PCB layout is also in progress Production estimate about 3 months

9. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 20069 Prototype detector trigger logic

10. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 200610 CAMAC based trigger module FR C 60 5 Fold coincidence of consecutive F1 signals from 1 to 14 layers 2 Fold coincidence of consecutive F4 signals from 1 to 14 layers 3 Fold coincidence of consecutive F3 signals from 1 to 14 layers 4 Fold coincidence of consecutive F2 signals from 1 to 14 layers OR OR Similar coincidence logic from Y Plane signals ( 1F to 4F) OR OR Final trigger m-Fold LVDS signals (X-Plane) m-Fold LVDS signals (Y-Plane)

11. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 200611 Trigger module status Being developed by Electronics Division, BARC Implemented using a FPGA Major part of logic coded; scalars to be done Module given for fabrication; now delivered Expected to be ready in two months Testing and debugging (1 month)

12. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 200612 CAMAC based control module Generates three sets of control and hand shake signals for selection of DFE board, readout of event data and monitoring of pickup signals in the selected board

13. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 200613 CAMAC based readout module Four serial event data read out channels Eight monitor data inputs Serial to parallel conversion of event data Data written into FIFO buffer FIFO buffers readout through CAMAC backplane in the event routine Eight selected monitor channels translated into ECL logic signals Rates monitored through ECL input CAMAC scalar modules Module is ready

14. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 200614 Other items High voltage supplies (CAEN, SINP) Low voltage supplies (Local) Components, cables etc Commercial/available modules –TDCs –Scalers –CAMAC crates and controllers DAQ software on Linux platform –Technical specification ready

15. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 200615 Thoughts on eTRIDAS for ICAL KGF still inspires! Channel count a factor of 1000 for ICAL Time tested ideas; blended with VLSI technology Reasonably simple scheme; the need is density Low rates; high degree of multiplexing possible ASICs, pipelining, trigger farm,VME are the keys ASICs for front-end, timing, even for trigger!

16. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 200616 Major sub-systems Analog and digital front-ends –Mounted on or very close to detectors –Programmable preamps and comparators –Latches, pre-trigger generators, pipelines and buffers –Data concentrators and high speed serial transmitters VME back-ends –Data collectors and frame transmitters –Time to digital converters (TDCs) Trigger system –Works on inputs from front-ends, back-ends or external –Place for high density FPGA devices

17. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 200617 DAQ scheme for final detector The keywords are channel count and fast timing

18. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 200618 Readout system concept

19. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 200619 Front-end ASIC concept

20. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 200620 Slow control and Monitoring Front-end control and monitoring High voltage control and monitoring of V & I Gas system monitoring –Channel control and flow monitoring –On-line gas sample analysis (RGA) –Gas leak monitoring –Moister level monitoring Ambient parameter monitoring –Temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity –Data can be used for even for off-line corrections

21. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 200621 High voltage system Number of independently controllable channels? –3 detector modules, 140 layers, 16m X 16m lateral size and RPC area of 2m X 2m Worst case: Combine all RPCs in a layer  420 channels Best case: One channel per RPC  27,000 channels! We can settle for one channel/road/layer, for example Ramp rate, channel control, voltage and current monitoring are the bare minimum requirements Modular structure, Ethernet interface, local consoles, distributed displays, complete high voltage discharge etc are most desired features

22. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 200622 Some technology standards Backend: VME Platform: Linux? Networking of processing nodes Front-end, gas system and HV control: Ethernet Ambient parameter monitoring: Embedded processors with Ethernet interfaces Web servers for operating parameter browsers On-fly sample data quality checks

23. B.Satyanarayana IMSc, Chennai February 22-24, 200623 Preliminary action plan Expertise from TIFR, BARC, SINP, VECC, IITB, IGCAR, NSC etc (Proposal from BHU) Industry ready and active ASIC design process must begin now Comparator ASIC work by SINP; BARC waiting Tools and training of personnel Updating of experiment’s requirements of eTRIDAS Discussion meeting at national level