1. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 1 Introduction Chapter 1

2. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 2 Key Ideas Many failed systems were abandoned because analysts tried to build wonderful systems without understanding the organization.

3. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 3 Key Ideas The systems analyst is a key person analyzing the business, identifying opportunities for improvement, and designing information systems to implement these ideas. It is important to understand and develop through practice the skills needed to successfully design and implement new information systems.

4. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 4 THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

5. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 5 Major Attributes of the Life Cycle The project -- Moves systematically through phases where each phase has a standard set of outputs Produces project deliverables Uses deliverables in implementation Results in actual information system Uses gradual refinement

6. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 6 Project Phases Planning (Why build the system? How should the team go about building it?) Analysis (Who uses system, what will it do, where and when will the system be used?) Design (How will the system work?) Implementation (System delivery)

7. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 7 Identifying business value Analyze feasibility Develop work plan Staff the project Control and direct project Planning

8. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 8 Analysis strategy Gathering business requirements Requirements definition use cases Process modeling Data modeling Analysis

9. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 9 Design selection Architecture design Interface design Data storage design Program design Design

10. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 10 Construction Program building Program and system testing Installation Conversion strategy Training plan Support plan Implementation

11. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 11 Processes and Deliverables ProcessProduct Planning Analysis Design Implementation System Request Feasibility Analysis Workplan System Proposal System Specification New System and Maintenance Plan

12. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 12 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES

13. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 13 What Is a Methodology? A formalized approach to implementing the SDLC A series of steps and deliverables Methodology Categories Process-Centered Data-Centered Object-Oriented Structured Design Rapid Application Development Agile Development

14. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 14 Waterfall Development Methodology

15. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 15 Pros and Cons of the Waterfall Methodology ProsCons Identifies systems requirements long before programming begins Minimizes changes to requirements as project progresses Design must be specified on paper before programming begins Long time between system proposal and delivery of new system

16. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 16 Parallel Development Methodology

17. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 17 Pros and Cons of Parallel Development Methodology ProsCons Reduces Schedule Time Less Chance of Rework Still Uses Paper Documents Sub-projects May Be Difficult to Integrate

18. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 18 Rapid Application Development Incorporate special techniques and tools: CASE tools JAD (Joint Application Design) sessions Fourth generation/visualization programming languages Code generators

19. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 19 Three RAD Categories Phased development A series of versions developed sequentially Prototyping System prototyping Throw-away prototyping Design prototyping

20. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 20 Pros and Cons of Phased Development Methodology ProsCons Users Get a System To Use Quickly Users Can Identify Additional Needs For Later Versions Users Work with a System that is Intentionally Incomplete

21. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 21 How Prototyping Works

22. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 22 Pros and Cons of Prototyping Methodology ProsCons Users Interact with Prototype Very Quickly Users Can Identify Needed Changes And Refine Real Requirements Tendency to do Superficial Analysis Initial Design Decisions May Be Poor

23. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 23 Throwaway Prototyping

24. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 24 Pros and Cons of Throwaway Prototyping Methodology ProsCons Risks are Minimized Important Issues are Understood Before the Real System is Built May Take Longer Than Prototyping

25. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 25 Agile Development: Extreme Programming

26. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 26 Pros and Cons of Agile Methodologies ProsCons Fast Delivery of Results Works Well in Projects With Undefined or Changing Requirements Requires Discipline Works Best in Small Projects Requires Much User Input

27. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 27 Criteria for Selecting the Appropriate Methodology Clear user requirements Familiarity with technology Complexity of system Reliability of system Time schedule Schedule visibility

28. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 28 TEAM ROLES AND SKILLS

29. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 29 Information Systems Roles Business analyst Systems analyst Infrastructure analyst Change management analyst Project manager

30. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 30 Summary The Systems Development Lifecycle consists of four stages: Planning, Analysis, Design, and Implementation There are six major development methodologies: the waterfall method, the parallel development method, the phased development method, system prototyping, design prototyping, and agile development. There are five major team roles: business analyst, systems analyst, infrastructure analyst, change management analyst and project manager.