1. CHAPTER 10
MUSCULAR SYSTEM

2. 2 Muscles of the face & head
(Aponeurosis/Fascia: Flat, sheet-like tendon)
Figure page: 331
A. Epicranius- frontalis & occipitalis
1. Word derivation
a. Epi: (G) on top of
b. Cranius: (L) skull
2. Origin: Occipital bone
3. Insertion: skin/muscles around eye
4. Action: Raise eyebrows
B. Orbicularis Oculi
1. Derivation: (L) circular/round & eye
2. O: Maxilary & frontal bones
3. I: Skin around eye
4. A: Closes eye (Sphincter muscle)

3. 3 Figure page: 331

4. 4 C. Orbicularis Oris
1. Oris (L) mouth
2. O: Muscles near mouth
3. I: skin of lips
4. A: Closes and “pucker ups” lips (Sphincter)
D. Temporalis – video
1. (L): side of head - temple region
temporalis bone
2. O:Temporal bone
3. I: Lateral surface of mandible
4. A: Closes jaw #51
E. Zygomaticus
1. (G) Bar
2. O: Zygomatic bone
I: Obicularis oculi
4. A: Raises corner of mouth (smile)

5. 5 Figure page: 331

6. Temporalis Video # 51

7. 6 F. Buccinator – video #5
1. (L) Trumpeter
2. O: Outer surface of maxilla & mandible
I: Obicularis oris
4. A: Compresses cheeks inwards
G. Masseter – video #31
1. (G) Chew
2. O: Lower border of Zygomatic arch
3. I: Lateral surface of mandible
4. A: Closes jaw/chew

8. 7. Figure: 107a: pg. 333

9. Buccinator video #5

10. Masseter muscle video #31

11. 8 H. Sternocliedomastoid(eus)- SCM
1. origins & insertions
2. O: Sternum & clavicle(cliedeo, G-hook)
3. I: mastoid process of temporal bone
4. A: singly- rotate head, together- flex neck
I. Splenius capitis #47 1.
2. O: Spinous & transverse processes of
lower cervical & upper thoracic vertebrae
3. I: Mastoid process
4. A: Rotate head, laterally flex neck

12. 9 Fig a; pg. 337 SCM

13. 10 Fig. 10.9b : page 337 splenius capitis

14. Spleenius capitus Video #47

15. .11 I. Semispinalis Capitis #42
1. semi = half (origin ½ & ½)
2. O: Spinous & transverse processes of lower cervical & upper thoracic vertebrae
3. I: Occipital bone
4. A: Extend, laterally flex & rotate
neck

16. 12 Figure: 10.9 d page:339 Semispinalis capitis

17. Semispinalis capitis video #42

18. 13 Muscles of the pectoral girdle
Posterior
Fig c; page 348
A. Trapezius #58
1. Shape: trapezoid
2. O: Occipital bone, spinous process of cervical & thoracic spine
3. I: Clavicle; spine & acromion process of scapula A: Raises & rotates scapula
B. Rhomboid Major #38
1. Shape rhomboid
2. O: Spinous processes of upper thoracics
3. I: Medial boarder of scapula
4. A: Raises & Adducts scapula

19. 14 Fig. 10.13 c; page 348 trapezius & rhomboid

20. Trapezius video #58

21. Rhomboid major video #38

22. Pectoral girdle, anterior.
15 C. Levator Scapulae #29
1. Lifts scapula
2. O: Transverse processes of C-spine
3. I: Margin(superior/medial) of scapula
4. A:raises & adducts scapula
Pectoral girdle, anterior.
Fig a pg. 347
D. Serratus anterior #44
1. (L) saw toothed
2. O: Outer surface of upper ribs
3. I: Ventral surface of scapula
4. A: Pulls scapula anterior & down (inferior)

23. 16 Fig. 10.13 c; page 348 levator scapulae

24. Levator scapulae – video #29

25. 17 Figure: 10.13a; page: 347 serratus anterior

26. Serratus anterior – video #44

27. Rotator cuff muscles(SITS)
18 E. Pectoralis minor #34 Fig a; pg.347
1. (L) Chest
2. O: Sternal ends of upper ribs
3. I: Coracoid process (scapula)
4. A: Pulls scapula anterior & down
Rotator cuff muscles(SITS)
Fig b; page. 351
A. Supraspinatus* #50
1. Superior to scapula spine
2. O: Superior posterior aspect of scapula
3. I: Greater tubercle of humerous
4. A: Initiates arm abduction first 15 degrees

28. 19 Fig. 10.13 a; pg.347 pectoralis minor

29. Pectoralis minor – video #34

30. 20 Fig. 10.14b; page. 351 supraspinatis

31. Supraspinatus video # 50

32. 21 B. Infraspinatus #25
1. Inferior to scapular spine
2. O: Inferior posterior scapula
3. I: Greater tubercle of humerous
4. A: External rotation of arm
C.Teres minor #53
1. (l) Long and round
2. O: Lateral boarder of scapula
3. Greater tubercle of humerous
4. A: Rotate arm externally

33. 22 Fig. 10.14b; page. 351 infraspinatus & teres minor

34. Infraspinatus – video # 25

35. Teres minor – video #53

36. 23 D. Subscapularis* #48 Fig. 10.14 d; pg. 352
1. Underneath (anterior) side of
scapular spine
2. O: Anterior surface of scapula
3. I: Lesser tubercle of humerous
4. A: Prime mover - Rotates arm
internally

37. 24 Subscapularis* Fig. 10.14 d; pg. 352

38. Subscapularis video #48

39. 25 Muscles of the glenohumeral joint shoulder/upper arm
Anterior muscles
Figure a; pg. 347
A. Pectoralis Major #33
1. (l) Chest
2. O: Clavicle, sternum & cartilagof upper ribs
3. I: Intertubercular grove of humerous
4. A: prime mover for upperar adduction

40. 26 Figure 10.13 a; pg. 347 pectoralis major

41. Pectoralis major video33

42. 27
B. Deltoid - #6
figures a&c pgs. 347 & 348
Delta (l) triangle shape
2. O: Scapula, acromion process, spine, clavicle
3. I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerous
4. A: Prime mover for arm adduction (middle fibers), also flexes & extends arm

43. 28 figures 10.13 a pgs. 347 deltoid anterior

44. Deltoid muscle #6

45. 29 figures 10.13c pgs 348 deltoid, posteror

46. 30 Posterior
C. Latisimus dorsi (lats) #28
1. lats/wings
2. O: Spinous processes of sacral, lumbar & lower thoracic spine
3. I: Intertubercular grove
4. A: Prime mover for upper arm adduction
Fig b; pg. 251
Muscles that move the elbow
Fig a&b pages: 351 & 352
Anterior chamber

47. 31 Fig. 10.14b; pg. 251 latisssimus dorsi

48. Latisimus dorsi video-28

49. 32 A. Brachialis #3
1. (l) arm
2. Origin: anterior distal humerous
3. Insertion: coronoid process of ulna
4. Prime mover for forearm (elbow) flexion
B. Biceps brachii #1
1. (l) arm & muscle has 2 heads
2. Origin: short head: coricoid process
long head: glenoid tubercle & glenoidcavity
3. Insertion: Radial tuberosity
4. Not the prime mover- synergist for
flexion; supination of wrist

50. 33 Figure: 10.14 d; page 352 brachialis

51. Brachialis video #3

52. 34 Figure: 10.14 c; page 352 Bicep brachii

53. Biceps brachii video #1

54. 35 Posterior Chamber
A. Triceps brachii #59 fig b
1. (l) three heads
2. Origin: posterior head of humerous
3. Insertion: Olecranon of ulna
4. Prime mover for lower arm (elbow)
extension

55. 36 Triceps brachii fig. 10.13 b page 351

56. Triceps brachii video #59

57. 37 Muscles that move the thigh
Originate somewhere on the pelvis and insert somewhere on the femur
Anterior group: Fig a-c; pg. 264
Function – flex the thigh
A. Iliopsoas – prime mover #24
Psoas major
1. O: Anterior lumbar vertebrae disc, bodies & transverse processes
2. I: Lesser trochanter
B. Iliacus
1. O: ilium - anterior fossa
2. I: Lesser trochanter

58. 38 Fig. 10.19 a; pg. 264 psoas major, iliacus

59. Iliopsoas video #24

60. 39 II. Posterior Group pg.
Fig a; page 366
A. Gluteus maximus #21
1. gloutos – (G) Buttock
2. O: Sacrum, coccyx & posterior surface of ilium
3. I: Posterior femur
4. A: Extend leg (hip) prime mover

61. 40 Fig. 10.20 a; page 367 gluteus maximus & medius

62. Gluteus maximus video# 21

63. 41

64. 42 B. Gluteus medius #22
1. gloutos – (G) Buttock
2. O: Lateral surface of ilium
3. I: Greater trochanter
4. A: Abduct hip & rotate medially
C. Gluteus minimus
Just remember there is one

65. Gluteus medius video #22

66. 43 D. Tensor fasciae latae #52
1. Starbucks
2. O: Anterior iliac crest
3. I: Iliotibial band (fascia to the knee)
4 A: abducts, helps flex & medially rotate

67. 44 Figure 10.19 a; page 364 tensor fasciae latae

68. Tensor fasciae latae video # 52

69. 45 III. Adductor group – pulls leg medially
Five Muscles in group
A. Adductor magnus
1. Adducts/big
2. O: Ischial tuberosity
3. I: Posterior femur surface
4. A: Adducts- prime mover, helps extend, & rotate thigh laterally other 4 are synergistic
Fig b; page 364

70. 46 Fig. 10.19 b; page 364 adductors/adductor magnus

71. 47 Muscles that move the leg (lower leg)
I. Hamstring group – Posterior leg
Lower leg flexors; upper leg extensors
Fig a ; pg. 367
A. Bicep femoris # Two heads for origin
2. O: Ischial tuberosity & posterior femur surface
3. I: Head of fibula & lateral tibial condyle
4. A: Flex lower leg & extends thigh
B. Semitendinosus # ?
2. O: Ischial tuberosity I: Medial tibia surface
4. A: Flex lower leg & extend thigh

72. 48 C.Semimembranous #41
1. ?: O: Ischial tuberosity
3. I: Medial tibia condyle
4. A: Flex lower leg & extend thigh

73. 49 Fig a ; pg. 367 Hamstrings

74. Bicep femoris video # 2

75. Semitendenosus video #43

76. Semimembranosus video #41

77. 50 Anterior Leg
Quadriceps – Lower leg/knee extensors
Fig ; pg. 364
A. Rectus femoris # straight muscle fibers on femur
2. O: Spine of ilium & Acetabulum
3. I: Patellar tendon
A:Extend lower leg
B. Vastus lateralis #61
1.lateral
2. O: Greater trochanter
3. I: Patellar tendon
4. A: Extend lower leg

78. 51 C.Vastus medialis #62
1. medial
2. O: Medial surface of femur
3. I: Patellar tendon
4. A: Extend lower leg
D. Vastus intermedius #66
1. In between
2. O: Anterior lateral femur surfaces
4.A: Extends lower leg

79. 52 Fig ; pg Quadriceps

80. Rectus femoris video # 37

81. Vastus lateralis video #61

82. Vastus medialis video #62

83. Vastus intermedius video #60

84. 53 A. Sartorius #40
1. Tailors muscle –longest muscle
2. O: Anterior superior iliac spine
3. I: Medial surface of tibia
4. A: Synergistic: Flexes leg & thigh, abducts
& rotates thigh laterally & rotates lower leg medially
Go back
Fig b; pg. 251

85. Sartorius video #40

86. 54 Muscles of the Ankle and Toes
Anterior Compartment I. Tibialis Anterior: # O (origin): lateral condyle distal 2/3 of tibia diaphysis I (insertion): medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal A (action): Prime mover of Dorsiflexion
II. Extensor halicus longus # O: Anterior medial fibula shaft & interoseous membrane I: Distal phalanx of big toe A: Extend big toe (help w/ Dorsiflexion)

87. Table 10.15a pg. 371

88. Table 10.15b pg. 371

89. Tibialis anterior video #55

90. Table 10.15c pg. 371

91. Extensor halicus longus Video # 11

92. 58
III. Extensor digitorum longus #10
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal fibula & interosseous membrane/ligament
I: phalanges of toed 2-5
A: Prime mover: Toe extension

93. Table 10.15d pg. 371

94. Extensor digitorum longus video #10

95. 60 Muscles of ankle & Toes Posterior chamber I
60 Muscles of ankle & Toes Posterior chamber I. Gastrocnemius # O: Two heads at lateral & medial epicondyles of femur I: Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal/Achilles tendon A: planter flex foot when knees extended
II. Soleus # O: Superior surface of tibia, fibia & Interoseous tendon/membrane I: Same as gastrocnemeus A: Plantar flexion w/ knee flexion (walking)

96. Table 10.15a pg: 374

97. Gastrocnemius video #20

98. Table 10.15b pg. 371

99. Soleus Video #45

100. Rectus abdominis video #36

101. External obliques video #13

102. Internal obliques video #27

103. Transversus abdominus video # 57