2. Ray Model A useful model under certain circumstances to explain image formation. Ray Model: Light travels in straight-line paths, called rays, in ALL directions from the source.

3. Concave Mirror

4. Focal point Rays parallel to the axis of the mirror pass through the focal point of the mirror.

5. Object distance > f

8. Object distance < f

10. Sketching ray diagrams 1.Select a single source point. 2.Sketch a ray parallel to the axis of the mirror that reflects through the focal point. 3.Sketch a ray that reflects off the center of the mirror at the mirror’s axis at an angle equal to the angle of incidence. 4.Sketch a ray that is incident normal to the mirror and reflects back through itself. 5.Sketch a ray that passes through the focal point and reflects parallel to the axis of the mirror. 6.At the intersection of these rays is the image point.

11. Relate object distance, image distance, and focal length sign convention for mirrors

12. Example An object is 10 cm from a concave mirror of focal length 20 cm. (a) What is the image distance? (b) What is the magnification? (c) Is the image real or virtual? (d) Is it inverted or upright?

13. . C V 1 2 3 A ketchup bottle is positioned in front of a concave mirror. Three of the incident rays are shown. a. _________ get(s) reflected through point C. A. Ray 1 B. Ray 2 C. Ray 3 D. All three rays E. None of the rays

14. . C V 1 2 3 A ketchup bottle is positioned in front of a concave mirror. Three of the incident rays are shown. b. _________ get(s) reflected horizontally to the left. A. Ray 1 B. Ray 2 C. Ray 3 D. All three rays E. None of the rays

15. . C V 1 2 3 A ketchup bottle is positioned in front of a concave mirror. Three of the incident rays are shown. c. _________ make(s) the same angle with the normal as its reflected ray does. A. Ray 1 B. Ray 2 C. Ray 3 D. All three rays E. None of the rays

16. . C V 1 2 3 A ketchup bottle is positioned in front of a concave mirror. Three of the incident rays are shown. d. _________ make(s) the same angle with the horizontal as its reflected ray does. A. Only ray 1 B. Only ray 2 C. Only ray 3 D. More than one of the rays E. None of the rays

17. . C V A concave mirror forms an image of an object as shown. object image Show in Slide Show view to have question appear in stages. front view of card edge view of card ? Suppose the top half of the mirror is blocked by an opaque card. A. no image B. an image of the entire object C. an image of just the top half of the object D. an image of just the bottom half of the object With the card in place, we see__________. Note that rays reflect off of all parts of the mirror and intersect at the image.

18.  C V The concave mirror has a radius of curvature R. At which of the numbered points could you place an object perpendicular to the central axis (like this: ) and see a. a reduced real image? R  R/2 41 2  3   A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. none of these

19.  C V The concave mirror has a radius of curvature R. At which of the numbered points could you place an object perpendicular to the central axis (like this: ) and see b. an enlarged virtual image? R  R/2 41 2  3   A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. none of these

20.  C V The concave mirror has a radius of curvature R. At which of the numbered points could you place an object perpendicular to the central axis (like this: ) and see c. a reduced virtual image? R  R/2 41 2  3   A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. none of these

21.  C V The concave mirror has a radius of curvature R. At which of the numbered points could you place an object perpendicular to the central axis (like this: ) and see d. an enlarged real image? R  R/2 41 2  3   A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. none of these

22.  C V The concave mirror has a radius of curvature R. At which of the numbered points could you place an object perpendicular to the central axis (like this: ) and see e. no image? R  R/2 41 2  3   A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. none of these Note: the image distance is infinity since the object distance is equal to the focal length.

23. Convex Mirror s o >f; image is virtual and upright

24. Convex Mirror s o < f ; image is virtual and upright

25. Poll Is the side mirror on a car a concave or convex mirror? 1.concave 2.convex 3.neither, because it is a plane mirror

26. Activity Use the Optics Workbench to create simulations of the of the following situations. Compare your own calculation to the result from the simulation. 1.Concave mirror; f = 1 m; s o = 3 m; h=0.5 m; What is the image distance and image height? 2.Concave mirror; f = 1 m; s o = 0.5 m; h=0.5 m; What is the image distance and image height? 3.Convex mirror: f = -1 m; so=0.5 m; h=0.5 m; What is the image distance and image height?