1. Images and Optical Instruments

2. Definitions Real Image - Light passes through the image point. Virtual Image - Light does not pass through the image point. Magnification –Negative means the image is inverted.

3. Plane Mirror Plane Mirror Properties s’ = s M = 1 Image is virtual and erect Image has right-left reversal Mirror Image ss’

4. Spherical Mirror Focal Point - Location where parallel incoming rays converge or appear to converge. R R Concave MirrorConvex Mirror MagnificationFocal Length Image Distance

5. Concave Mirror s, s’, f, and R are positive values Image is inverted and real R f s s’

6. Convex Mirror s is positive s’, f, and R are negative Image is erect and virtual R ss’

7. Grocery Shopping In a grocery store you see an aisle mirror which is convex with a 1.0 m radius of curvature. How tall is your image if you are 2.0 m tall and 3.0 m away from the mirror?

8. Images from Refraction Assuming small incidence angle Use positive numbers for values when –s in front of the surface (Real Object) –s’ & R in back of the surface Use negative numbers for values when –s in back of the surface (Virtual Object) –s’ & R in front of the surface

9. Fish and the Kitten A kitten is located 10 cm from a fish bowl with a 2.0 m radius of curvature. Where is the image of the kitten and tall is it if the kitten is 20 cm tall.

10. Thin Lenses A lens consists of two refracting surfaces. For thin lenses Positive –s in front of the lens, s’, R 1 and R 2 behind Negative –s in back of the lens, s’, R 1, and R 2 in front R2R2 R1R1

11. Thin Lenses Convex Lens - Converging Concave Lens - Diverging focus Parallel Light Rays focus Parallel Light Rays

12. Vision Problems Hyperopia – farsightedness Corrected with a convergent lense. Myopia – nearsightedness Corrected with a divergent lense. Diopters = m -1 Lens’ Power

13. Microscope Objective and eyepiece separated by a fixed distance, L. fefe L fofo Lateral Magnification M=-s’/s Angular Magnification Max M=1+25/f Relaxed M=25/f Near Point = 25 cm

14. Telescopes Refractor Reflector f0f0 f0f0 fefe fefe Eyepiece Objective

15. Color Vision Additive Color Theory –Primary Colors Red Green Blue –Secondary Colors Yellow Cyan Magenta