1. < BackNext >PreviewMain Studying Space Chapter 18 Preview CRCT Preparation

2. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 1. Why did Copernicus think the stars are farther from Earth than the planets are? A He thought that Earth was the center of the universe and the other planets and the sun revolved around Earth. B He hypothesized that the sun is at the center of the universe and that Earth and all of the planets orbit the sun. C He noticed that the planets appeared to move relative to each other and that the stars did not. D He understood that all of the planets revolve around the sun in an elliptical orbit and that the sun is not in the exact center of the universe.

3. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 1. Why did Copernicus think the stars are farther from Earth than the planets are? A He thought that Earth was the center of the universe and the other planets and the sun revolved around Earth. B He hypothesized that the sun is at the center of the universe and that Earth and all of the planets orbit the sun. C He noticed that the planets appeared to move relative to each other and that the stars did not. D He understood that all of the planets revolve around the sun in an elliptical orbit and that the sun is not in the exact center of the universe.

4. < BackNext >PreviewMain 2. The relationship between a city and a state is most similar to the relationship between a star and what other item? A a universe B a solar system C a galaxy D a cluster Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation

5. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 2. The relationship between a city and a state is most similar to the relationship between a star and what other item? A a universe B a solar system C a galaxy D a cluster

6. < BackNext >PreviewMain 3. Where is an X ray telescope most likely to be located? A in a desert B on a mountaintop C on an island D in space Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation

7. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 3. Where is an X ray telescope most likely to be located? A in a desert B on a mountaintop C on an island D in space

8. < BackNext >PreviewMain 4. The Fernbank Science Center in Atlanta, Georgia, has the same type of telescope as shown. What type of telescope does the Fernbank Science Center have? A gamma rayC radio B reflectingD refracting Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation

9. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 4. The Fernbank Science Center in Atlanta, Georgia, has the same type of telescope as shown. What type of telescope does the Fernbank Science Center have? A gamma rayC radio B reflectingD refracting

10. < BackNext >PreviewMain 5. Dewanda has found a very bright star in the night sky. She tells her friend that it is located 17 degrees less than the zenith. What is the altitude of the star at which Dewanda is looking? A 73° B 107° C 163° D 197° Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation

11. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 5. Dewanda has found a very bright star in the night sky. She tells her friend that it is located 17 degrees less than the zenith. What is the altitude of the star at which Dewanda is looking? A 73° B 107° C 163° D 197°

12. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 6. Which discovery made by Galileo Galilei showed that planets were physical bodies like Earth? A the craters and mountains on the moon B the laws of planetary motion C the force of gravity D the orbits of the planets

13. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 6. Which discovery made by Galileo Galilei showed that planets were physical bodies like Earth? A the craters and mountains on the moon B the laws of planetary motion C the force of gravity D the orbits of the planets

14. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 7. How did Edwin Hubble discover that the universe is expanding? A by detecting radio waves from distant galaxies B by analyzing the light from stars and galaxies C by measuring the paths of stars across the night sky D by computing the distance light travels in one year

15. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 7. How did Edwin Hubble discover that the universe is expanding? A by detecting radio waves from distant galaxies B by analyzing the light from stars and galaxies C by measuring the paths of stars across the night sky D by computing the distance light travels in one year

16. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 8. What do astronomers use to describe a star’s position in relation to Earth? A celestial sphere B handheld astrolabe C mural quadrant D reflecting telescope

17. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 8. What do astronomers use to describe a star’s position in relation to Earth? A celestial sphere B handheld astrolabe C mural quadrant D reflecting telescope

18. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 9. Which of the following statements best explains why astronomers study all of the wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum? A Each color of visible light is a different wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. B Each type of radiation gives different information about an object in space. C Earth’s atmosphere blocks most invisible radiation from objects in space. D Some of the different types of radiation are not visible to the human eye.

19. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 9. Which of the following statements best explains why astronomers study all of the wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum? A Each color of visible light is a different wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. B Each type of radiation gives different information about an object in space. C Earth’s atmosphere blocks most invisible radiation from objects in space. D Some of the different types of radiation are not visible to the human eye.

20. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 10. What two events in the 1600s had a lasting effect on modern astronomy? Describe the impact of these events.

21. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 10. Answer - Full credit answers should include the following points: The invention of the telescope is one of the events. The telescope was used by Galileo to observe objects in space. Galileo showed that planets are physical bodies like Earth. The description of gravity is the other event. Newton proved that the force of gravity depends of the mass of the objects and the distance between the objects. Newton’s description of gravity explained why all of the planets orbit the sun, as Copernicus and Kepler had earlier proposed.

22. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 11. Sofia, who lives in Atlanta, Georgia, can see the star Polaris all year long at anytime during the night. Her cousin Aldo never sees Polaris. Explain what this can tell you about where Aldo lives and what kind of star Polaris is.

23. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 18 CRCT Preparation 11. Answer - Full credit answers should include the following points: As the Earth revolves around the sun, different areas of the universe can be seen from season to season and in each hemisphere. Because Polaris can be seen every night in the Northern Hemisphere, where Sofia lives, Polaris is a circumpolar star. Aldo lives in the Southern Hemisphere where Polaris is never seen.