1. Manufacturing Processes
Extrusion and Drawing
Manufacturing Processes

2. Outline Extrusion Extrusion of Metals Extrusion Defects
Extrusion Equipment
Extrusion of Nonmetals
Drawing
Drawing Process
Drawing Equipment

3. Extrusion
A compression process in which the material is forced to flow through an opening to produce a shape with a specific cross-section
input
die
product
pump

4. Examples of Extruded Parts

5. Extrusion
Metals
Nonmetals

6. Metal Extrusion Direct Extrusion
A ram compresses the material, forcing it through the die
Indirect Extrusion
The die is mounted on the ram; the material is forced out in the opposite direction of the ram movement

7. Direct Extrusion

8. Indirect Extrusion

9. Extrusion

10. Extrusion

11. Metal Flow

12. Example of an Extrusion Machine

13. Extrusion

14. Extrusion Hot Extrusion
Involves pre-heating the material above the recrystallization temperature to increase ductility
Cold Extrusion
Does not pre-heat material; used to produce parts in finished or near-finished form

15. Extrusion Cold extrusion advantages:
Improved mechanical properties from work-hardening
Good control of dimensional tolerances
Improved surface finish (no oxide film)
No heating required
Competitive production rates and costs

16. Extruded Metals Typical extruded metals (hot or cold)
Aluminum, copper, magnesium, zinc, tin and alloys of these
Steel alloys are usually extruded hot; softer steels may be extruded cold
Others such as titanium and refractory metals may be extruded, but with difficulty

17. Extruded Metals Extrusion Temperature Ranges Lead 200-250 °C
Aluminum and its alloys °C
Copper and its alloys °C
Steels °C
Refractory alloys °C

18. Extrusion Defects

19. Extrusion Dies

20. Extrusion Dies

21. Example of an Extrusion Die

22. Extrusion of Nonmetals
Materials
rubber
plastic
solvents
candy
glass
Products
window seals
door seals
hose and tubing
wire insulation
candy canes

23. Hot Feed and Cold Feed Extrusion
Ribbon
Pellets
Cold Feed Extrusion
Heating/melting
Hot Feed Extrusion
Temperature zones

24. Extrusion of Nonmetals
Candy Canes
cone rollers
candy

25. Extrusion of Nonmetals
Window Seals
Cold Feed Extrusion
input
windup
die
extruder
takeaway belt
die

26. Extrusion of Nonmetals
Plastic Bags
extruder
die
air
cutting and sealing

27. Example of a Dual Extruded Product

28. Dual Extrusion Opposed Head extruder extruder die Piggy Back die

29. Dual Extrusion – White Side Wall
Black rubber die
White rubber die
Exit die

30. Wire, Tube, Bar, Rod Drawing
Extrusion pushes the material through the die; drawing pulls the material through the die

31. Drawing Products electrical wire cable
wire stock for fences, hangers, shopping carts etc.
rod stock for nails, screws, rivets, springs etc.
metal bars

32. Drawing Process Advantages: Close dimensional control
Good surface finish
Improved strength and hardness
Adaptability to mass production

33. Drawing of a Wire

34. Drawing

35. Drawing
Preparation of the work material:
Annealing
Cleaning
Pointing

36. Single and Multi Stage Drawing

37. Gold Gold is the most ductile metal that exists.
4 pounds of gold can be drawn into a wire that stretches across the country.

38. Tube and Bar Drawing

39. Draw Bench Production Process

40. Summary
Extrusion and drawing provide ways to form shapes with uniform cross sections at high production rates