1. The Role of the United Nations and UN/OCHA in HA/DR Operations William H. Lyerly, Jr., LTC, USAR (Ret) Director, Office of WMD Operations and Incident Management Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security

2. Senior Advisor / Consultant United Nations NATO WHONASA

3. U. S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT USAID is an independent federal agency that conducts foreign assistance and humanitarian aid to advance the political and economic interests of the United States.

4. Served as Technical Advisor to two NGOs: IMC (International Medical Corps, Angola) CIHC (Center for International Health and Cooperation) Worked for two NGOs: AMREF and ISTI (African Medical & Research Foundation and the International Science and Technology Institute)

5. Civil – Military Alliance to Combat HIV and AIDS And Civil – Military Alliance for Crisis Prevention and Response NGO Co-Founder

6. The Response Triad

7. THE MAJOR PLAYERS ARE THE INTERNATIONAL CIVILIAN ORGANIZATIONS United Nations –UNOCHA –UNHCR –UNICEF –WFP –WHO International/Non- Governmental –ICRC –The Federation (IFRC) –CARE –MSF Host Nation –Government –Regional/Local authority –Tribal / traditional leaders –Business –Victims Donor Governments –Government –Military –Foreign vs. Individual –Religious

9. United Nations Charter Article 1: The Purposes of the United Nations are: 1. To maintain international peace and security,… 2. To develop friendly relations among nations … 3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and 4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.

10. United Nations System International Court of Justice General Assembly Economic and Social Council Security Council Trusteeship Council Secretariat 6 Principal Organs of the United Nations

11. UNITED NATIONS - SYSTEM International Court of Justice General Assembly Economic & Social Committee Security Council Secretariat Trusteeship Council UNDP UNHCR UNHCR UNEP UNEP etc. etc. WFP ITC ITC etc. etc. Commission on Human on Human Rights Rights etc. etc. FAO WHO WHO UNESCO UNESCO IMF IMF etc etc.Military Staff Com PeacekeepingOperations: UNTAC UNTAC UNOSOM UNOSOM UNPROFOR UNPROFOR etc. etc.

12. New York UN Headquarters UNDP UNFPA UNICEF Montreal ICAO Washington IMF World Bank Group IBRD IDA IFC MIGA Santo Domingo INSTRAW Santiago ECLAC London IMO The Hague ICJBern UPUVienna IAEA UNIDO ODCCP Rome FAO IFAD WFP Beirut ESCWA Gaza UNRWA Tokyo UNU Bangkok ESCAP Nairobi UNCHS UNEP Addis Ababa ECA Geneva ECE ILO ITU OHCHR UNCTAD UNHCR WHO WIPO WMO United Nations Offices

13.  United Nations programmes and organs (representative list only)  Specialized agencies and other autonomous organizations within the system  Other commissions, committees and ad hoc and related bodies * Not part of the United Nations system although has cooperating arrangements and practices with the Organization OSG Office for the Secretary General OIOS Office of Internal Oversight Services OLA Office of Legal Affairs DPA Department of Political Affairs DDA Department for Disarmament Affairs DPKO Department of Peacekeeping Operations OCHA OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs DESA Department of Economic and Social Affairs DGAACS Department of General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services DPI Department of Public Information DM Department of Management UNSECOORD Office for the United Nations Security Coordinator UNOG United Nations Office at Geneva UNOV United Nations Office at Vienna UNON United Nations Office at Nairobi Secretariat

14. OCHA Mission Statement “ To mobilize and coordinate the collective efforts of the international community, in particular those of the UN system, to meet in a coherent and timely manner the needs of those exposed to human suffering and material destruction in disasters and emergencies. This involves reducing vulnerability, promoting solutions to root causes and facilitating the smooth transition from relief to rehabilitation and development.”coordinate

15. International & Interagency “C4I” (Coordination, Cooperation, Concensus, Communication and Information) “Herding Squirrels” vs. “Herding Cats”

16. No “Unity of Command”

17. Best Case Scenario – “Unity of Effort”

18. UNITED NATIONS - COORDINATION UNOCHA - designated as the coordinator for the humanitarian assistance but has no authority over the agencies –single focal point of contact for humanitarian assistance in an emergency information funding accreditation –has coordination role with NGOs/IOs

19. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Office of the USG for Humanitarian Affairs Executive Office IASC - ECHA Unit Policy, Advocacy, Information Division Director - Geneva Policy Development and Advocacy Branch Information Management Services Branch Emergency Liaison Branch Secretariat of ISDR Response Coordination Branch Emergency Services Branch Finance & Administ ration IASC Liaison Informatio n Analysis Unit Information Technologies Unit Advocacy and External Relations Unit Policy Development Unit New YorkGeneva New YorkGeneva

20. The affected population Local and national government UN Res. Rep. and UNDMT MCDA Providers The United Nations Agencies National/International NGOs Donor Governments Partners in Coordination

21. OCHA involvement in natural disasters and environmental emergencies in 2001 In response to 68 disasters in 47 countries: launched 28 international appeals issued 216 situation reports recorded over US$ 369 million in cash and in-kind contributions by donors channelled US$ 7 million of contributions dispatched 11 United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) missions mobilized 12 interventions of military and/or civil defence assets shipped 952 metric tonnes of relief goods from OCHA Brindisi warehouse

22. Regional Desks Americas and Carribean Africa Europe and the Newly Independent States Asia and Pacific

23. Regional Desks The Regional Desks are the core of the RCB response system.The Regional Desks are the core of the RCB response system. The primary function of Regional Desks is the management of the Emergency Response SystemThe primary function of Regional Desks is the management of the Emergency Response System

24. The UNDAC System Regional Teams in Europe, Latin America, Pacific Region and Caribbean System components include: –experienced emerg. managers –Basic team equipment –team deployment procedures –training and methodology –Support Modules (from 5 member states)

25. MCDU - The Military and Civil Defence Unit CORE FUNCTIONS  Focal Point in UN System  Requests for MCDA  Oslo Guidelines Process & Field Handbook  UNJLC Interface UN CMCoord TRAINING  12/year  Facilitation of Regional Courses  CIMIC Centres EXERCISES  4/year, 4 regions  Clearing House  From Planning Conferences to Exercise  Incorporation of UN roles CENTRAL REGISTER & ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES

26. Time Intensity Military and Civil Defense Assets InternationalResponse National Response Reconstruction MCDU

27. DPR 213/3 MCDA OSLO GUIDELINES General Principles: Complimentarity Provided in response to request Provided at no cost to receiving state Unarmed, but in national uniforms Predefined legal status

28. The Duty System Operational 24 hours/day, 365 days/yearOperational 24 hours/day, 365 days/year Coordination CentreCoordination Centre Emergency Telephone no.:Emergency Telephone no.: (+41-22) 917 20 10

29. For more information... www.reliefweb.int OCHA online Emergency Response and Relief Coordination

30. UN/OCHA Summary OCHA is an office in the UN Secretariat Primary Locations New York and Geneva MCDU is one of the primary emergency response tools for major international humanitarian emergencies OCHA and MCDU are supported by a 24/7 days a week readiness system

31. Take Home Message UN, along with NGOs, and IOs remain the solution to the Military End-State in HA/DR Ops! HA/DR with a Security Component vs. Peacekeeping with an HA/DR Component ________________

32. Conflict and Terrorism Link “Freedom Fighter” vs “Terrorist” Spillover countries: Uganda, Kenya, Zimbabwe Post conflict: Mozambique, CAR, Nigeria, Rwanda/Burundi Struggling: Angola, DROC, Guinea Bissau, Liberia Internal war: Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan

33. The Emerging Humanitarian Environment is Global The Emerging Humanitarian Environment is Global. Threats to Our Security are No Longer “Over There”

34. Economic and Political Instability

35. Unconventional Weapon Accountability

36. Terrorists and other Non-State Actors

37. “The gravest danger to freedom lies at the crossroads of radicalism and technology. When the spread of chemical and biological and nuclear weapons, along with ballistic missile technology—when that occurs, even weak states and small groups could attain a catastrophic power to strike great nations. Our enemies have declared this very intention, and have been caught seeking these terrible weapons. They want the capability to blackmail us, or to harm us, or to harm our friends—and we will oppose them with all our power.” President Bush West Point, New York June 1, 2002 “Weapons of Mass Destruction”

38. Mustard Gas Bio Weapon Small Pox Toyko Sarin Incident

39. Can it happen again? IRAQ GULF WAR TOKYO COL Mike Smith, USAR

40. The Department of Homeland Security Was Established By Public Law and Executive Order on January 24, 2003 Thomas Joseph Ridge was Sworn-In as the first Secretary of Homeland Security by the President and the Vice President during a Ceremony at the White House The White House, January 24, 2003

41. Department of Homeland Security One Department: - whose primary mission is to protect the American homeland; - to secure our borders, transportation sector, ports, and critical infrastructure; - to synthesize and analyze homeland security intelligence from multiple sources; - to coordinate communications with state and local governments, private industry, and the American people about threats and preparedness; - to coordinate our efforts to protect the American people against bioterrorism and other weapons of mass destruction; - to help train and equip for first responders; and - to manage federal emergency response activities.

42. The Organization of the Department of Homeland Security A clear and efficient organizational structure with four main Directorates (each led by an Under Secretary):  Border and Transportation Security  Emergency Preparedness and Response  Science and Technology (Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Countermeasures)  Information Analysis & Infrastructure Protection

43. Border and Transportation Security - Customs Service - Border Patrol - Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) - Inspectors of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA) - the recently created Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Emergency Preparedness and Response - Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) - NDMS, MMRS, and National Pharmaceutical Stockpile (HHS). - OPCON the Nuclear Emergency Search Team (DOE) and the Science and Technology - U nify the Chem-Bio Defense and Nuclear Assessment Programs of the DOE National Nuclear Security Administration (LLNL, LANL, SNL). Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection - All source info – CIA, NSA, FBI, INS, DEA, DOE, Customs, DOT, CDC, APHIS, and state/local public health, law enforcement, emergency mgmt. DHS – A Merger of 22 Agencies and 180,000 Personnel

44. Other Key Components  State/Local Government & Private Sector Coordination.  Secret Service.  Coast Guard  Non-Homeland Security Functions.

45. Non-Homeland Security Functions  A number of functions that are not directly related to securing the homeland against terrorism: - For instance, through FEMA, it will be responsible for mitigating the effects of natural disasters. - Through the Coast Guard, it will be responsible for search and rescue and other maritime functions. - Several other border functions, such as drug interdiction operations and naturalization.

47. Thank You William H. Lyerly, Jr. Director, Office of WMD Operations and Incident Management Science and Technology Directorate Department of Homeland Security Washington, DC 20528 Phone: (202) 786-0088 Cell: (301) 252-9513 E-mail: William.Lyerly@DHS.gov

48. Back-up Slide