1. Mosquitoes（蚊） Insecta, Diptera, Culicidae Important vector:
Anophelinae（按蚊亚科） – Anopheles (An.)
Toxorhynchitinae（巨蚊亚科）
Culicinae （库蚊亚科）– Culex (C.)
Aedes (Ae.)
Mansoni (M.)
Important vector:
An. sinensis, An. anthropiphagus, An. minimus, An. dirus, C. pipiens pallens, C. p. quinquefasciatus, C. tritaeniorhynchus, Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti

2. Distribution:
world wide distribution, they occur throughout the tropical regions —— temperate regions ——the arctic circle（北极）
elevations of 5500m
—— depths of 1250m
below sea level.

3. I. Morphology 1. External morphology of adult（成虫外部形态）
3 parts: haed, thorax and abodomen
(1) Head
compound eyes, antennae (15 segment), palps（下颚须）
piercing mouthpart （刺吸式口器）(proboscis喙)

4. Head of Anopheles
Head of Culex

5. (2) Thorax
pro-, meso- and metathorax, scutellum
wings (one pair), halteres, legs (3 pairs)
veins and legs are covered with scale (usually brown, black or white) .
(3) Abdomen
11 segments(2-8 are visible), the last 3 segments become external genitalia
They are covered dorsally and ventrally with mostly brown, blackish or whitish scales.

6. Morphology character of mosquitoes:
a. the possession of a long, forwardly projecting proboscis
b. the presence of numerous scaled on the thorax, legs, abdomen and wing veins
c. a fringe（缘缨）of scales along the posterior margin of the wings
d. legs are long and slender

7. 2. Mouthparts (proboscis，喙)
3. Internal morphology of adult

8. II. Life cycle Complete metamorphosis 2-3ds 5-8ds 2-3ds
egg larva pupa adult
eclosion pupation emergence
in water in land

9. Egg: small, <1mm, live in water
按蚊卵
库蚊卵
伊蚊卵

10. Larva: 4 stadium, legless, 3 parts body (head, thorax, abdomen)按蚊 库蚊 伊蚊

11. Pupa: comma-shape, not eat, can move
egg-adult times: 9-15 days, 7-8 generation/year，life-span: ♂1-3Ws ♀1-2Ms

12. III. Ecology 1. Larval biology (habit)
(1) food yeasts, bacteria, protozoa and other micro- organisms
(2) habitats（孳生地）
a. large permanent collections of water ——
A. sinensis A. anthrophagus C. tritaeniorhynchus
b. small collections of temporary water ——
A. dirus
c. slow flowing water——A. minimus

13. e. container——Ae. Albopictus Ae. aegypti
d. polluted water——
C. p. pallens
C. p. quinquefasciatus
e. container——Ae. Albopictus Ae. aegypti

14. 2. Adult biology and behaviour
(1) mating and movable （交配和活动）
mating occurs near breeding places and group dancing（群舞） in early evening
Anopheles, Culex -- early morning,
early evening, night
Aedes – diurnal

15. (2) blood-feeding habits（吸血习性）
male: feed on nectar of flower and naturally
sugary secretions
female: feed on sugary substance , requite a blood-
meal
biting objects: anthropophilic
zoophilic
biting behavior
biting time: diurnal biting habits —— Aedes
nocturnal biting habits —— Culex
Anopheles

16. (3) gonotrophic cycle and physiological stages
gonotrophic cycle: the process of blood-
feeding and egg maturation followed by
oviposition
① a blood-meal
② blood is digested and ovarian development
③ searches for suitable larval habitats in which to
lay her eggs
physiological stages: the number of gono-
trophic cycle

17. (4) resting behavior（栖息习性）
endophilic（家栖性）
hemi-endophilic （半家栖性）
exophilic （野栖性）
(5) seasonal and hibernation（越冬）
production season：spring, summer, autumn
hibernation stages:
egg— Aedes, A. anthrophages
larva—A. minimus
adult—Culex, A. sinensis
hibernation place

18. IV. Medical importance 1. Malaria（疟疾） pathogen: Plasmodium（疟原虫）
vectors: A sinensis（中华按蚊）
A. Anthropophagus
（嗜人按蚊）
A. minimus（微小按蚊）
A. dirus（大劣按蚊）
中华按蚊
微小按蚊

19. W. Bancrofti: C. p. pallens（淡色库蚊） C. p. quinquefasciatus（致倦库蚊）
2. Filariasis（淋巴丝虫病）
pathogen: filaria
vectors:
W. Bancrofti: C. p. pallens（淡色库蚊）
C. p. quinquefasciatus（致倦库蚊）
B. malayi: A. sinensis
A. anthropophagus
3. Japanese encephalitis
（流行性乙型脑炎）
pathogen: japanese encephalitis
viruses（日本脑炎病毒）
致倦库蚊

20. vectors: C. Tritaeniorhynchus （三带喙库蚊） Ae. albopictus（白纹伊蚊）
C. p. quinquefasciatus
C. p. pallens
4. Dengue fever（登革热）
(break bone fever 碎骨热)
pathogen: dengue viruses
vectors: Ae. albopictus
Ae. aegypti
白纹伊蚊

21. 7. Other equine encephalitis（各种马脑炎）
5. Yellow fever（黄热病）
pathogen: yellow viruses
vectors: Ae. aegypti， Ae. albopictus
Ae. chemulpoensis（仁川伊蚊）
6. Chikungunya（基孔肯雅病）
pathogen: chikungunya virus
vectors: Ae. aegypti, Anopheles
C. p. quinquefasciatus
7. Other equine encephalitis（各种马脑炎）
pathogens: several equine encephalitis viruses（各种马脑炎病毒）
vectors: Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti