1. Plagiarism and Academic Honesty A part of the Information Literacy mini-course taught by Heights High School library

2. Plagiarism  Definition of Plagiarism:  From Latin – ”Plagiary” – “to kidnap”  Every school and institution may define plagiarism slightly differently but here are two ways that plagiarism is defined on the web:  Presenting another's works, words, or ideas as one's own. www.thescriptorium.net/glossary.html www.thescriptorium.net/glossary.html  The act of taking and using another person's thoughts, writings, or inventions as one's own. www.shsu.edu/~lib_www/resources/internet_tutorial/glossary.html www.shsu.edu/~lib_www/resources/internet_tutorial/glossary.html

3. Consequences for Plagiarism  In school…  Nursing school student --$18,000  Harvard College statement….  Leave Cambridge  Lose all coursework and money paid for it  Obtain full time work for 6 months with recommendation upon return  Future letters to graduate, law, medical schools will report that you were required to withdraw  Second offense – no re-admittance to the University

4. Consequences of Plagiarism  At work and In Professional Life…  Author – Doris Kearns Goodwin  Removed from Pulitzer committee  Resigned job as television commentator  Universities retract speaking engagements invitations  Musical Artists: Milli Vanilli Forced to return 1989 Grammy  Never returned to the fame and fortune that was theirs  Career tailspin ending in suicide death of Rob Pilatis

5. What is Plagiarism ? From Purdue Owl Online Guide to Plagiarism -- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/research/r_plagiar.html Really Should Use Quotes Claiming someone else’s opinion as your own

6. Choosing When to Give Credit Need to DocumentNo Need to Document When you are using or referring to somebody else’s words or ideas from a magazine, book, newspaper, song, TV program, movie, Web page, computer program, letter, advertisement, or any other medium When you use information gained through interviewing another person When you copy the exact words or a "unique phrase" from somewhere When you reprint any diagrams, illustrations, charts, and pictures When you use ideas that others have given you in conversations or over email When you are writing your own experiences, your own observations, your own insights, your own thoughts, your own conclusions about a subject When you are using "common knowledge" — folklore, common sense observations, shared information within your field of study or cultural groupcommon knowledge When you are compiling generally accepted facts When you are writing up your own experimental results From Purdue Owl Online Guide to Plagiarism - http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/research/r_plagi ar.html

7. What is Common Knowledge?  You find the same information undocumented in at least five other sources  You think it is information that your readers will already know  OR …..Material is probably common knowledge if...  You think a person could easily find the information with general reference sources

8. Common Knowledge or Not?  The United States became militarily involved in World War II after the invasion at Pearl Harbor  In 2000, the most common actual causes of death in the United States were tobacco (435,000), poor diet and physical inactivity (400,000), and alcohol consumption (85,000).  John Kerry opposed George Bush for President of the United States in the 2004 election.  More than 1 in 5 gun owners with children under 18 said that they stored their weapons loaded.

9. WHEN IN DOUBT… CITE YOUR SOURCES

10. Document or Not?  You are writing new insights about your own experiences.  You use some information like an opinion, from a source without ever quoting it directly.  You have no other way of expressing the exact meaning of a text without using the original source verbatim.  The quote you want to use is too long, so you leave out a couple of phrases. From Owl Online at Purdue University http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/research/r_plagiar.html http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/research/r_plagiar.html

11. Tips to Avoid Plagiarism  Learn to use the research tools available to you –not just the web  Expect to make trips to the library –You’ll need more than just the web from home.  Allow time for reading, note taking, outlining etc.

12. Note taking: What Should I Write Down?  Anything and Everything that will help you explain or describe your thesis statement or research question.

13. Notes about Note taking  It’s OK to include duplicating facts  It’s OK to include contradictory facts  Take notes from a variety of sources  Write down everything that you think may be important. You can sort the important from not in your outline later  Keep a working bibliography

14. Working Bibliography??? For each source you consult write down:  Author  Title  Publisher  Place of Publication  Date of Publication  Issue Number  Volume and Page numbers  Book call number  Databases used  Search Terms used  URL’s  Date information accessed

15. Paraphrasing  Original Text from The New Century Handbook*:  Original Text  " Newsgroups are, in effect, virtual bulletin boards open to anyone who cares to participate. If you're coping with an illness or want to exchange views about a medical topic, you'll want to find your way to a newsgroup. Newsgroups in my opinion are the best source of medical information" (Schwartz 28).  Example of Attempted Paraphrase That Is Classified as Plagiarism  Based on the quotation opposite: Whenever you are dealing with a disease or need to talk about a medical subject, your best source of information is a newsgroup.... Common Errors in Paraphrasing: If you follow the sentence structure of your source, only changing words here and there, you are not paraphrasing but plagiarizing. From The Bridgewater College Online Research Guide (http://www.bridgewater.edu/WritingCenter/manual/paraphrase.htm)

16. Summarizing  Original Text from The New Century Handbook*:  Original Text  " Newsgroups are, in effect, virtual bulletin boards open to anyone who cares to participate. If you're coping with an illness or want to exchange views about a medical topic, you'll want to find your way to a newsgroup. Newsgroups in my opinion are the best source of medical information" (Schwartz 28).  Newsgroups, online discussion groups open to any participant, are the best resource for anyone concerned about specific medical issues Common Errors in Summarizing: If your summary is as long as the original text, it is not a summary. It is important that your summary accurately represents the text; do not change the ideas of the original text by leaving out significant points.(http://www.bridgewater.edu/WritingCenter/manual/paraphrase.htm)

17. Quotations  Original Text from The New Century Handbook*:  Original Text  " Newsgroups are, in effect, virtual bulletin boards open to anyone who cares to participate. If you're coping with an illness or want to exchange views about a medical topic, you'll want to find your way to a newsgroup. Newsgroups in my opinion are the best source of medical information" (Schwartz 28).  Quotation, introduced  People concerned about medical issues may find it helpful to look for a relevant newsgroup. Schwartz points out that, “Newsgroups are the best source of medical information“(Schwartz 28) Common Errors in Quoting: If you misquote your source, you are not making fully ethical use of that source. Be sure to closely check every word and punctuation mark in the original text. Do not quote very long passages; consider using a combination of quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing to represent the argument or information presented in the original text. From The Bridgewater College Online Research Guide (http://www.bridgewater.edu/WritingCenter/manual/paraphrase.htm)

18. WHEN IN DOUBT… CITE YOUR SOURCE !

19. Bibliography  Avoiding Plagiarism - Duke Libraries -- Guide to Library Research http://www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/plagiarism2.htm http://www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/plagiarism2.htm  The Bridgewater College Online Research Guide http://www.bridgewater.edu/WritingCenter/manual/paraphrase.h tm  The Harvard College Statement on Misuse of Sources http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~expos/sources/chap3.html http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~expos/sources/chap3.html  On Plagiarism, http://www.2learn.ca/mapset/SafetyNet/plagiarism/cqc.html http://www.2learn.ca/mapset/SafetyNet/plagiarism/cqc.html  Owl Online at Purdue University, http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/research/r_plagiar.html http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/research/r_plagiar.html http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/research/r_plagiar.html