1. CULTURES OF EUROPE: THE RENAISSANCE

2. Florence, Italy: Cathedral (Brunelleschi), Palazzo Vecchio

3. Henry VIII-Head of the Church

4. Johannes Gutenberg, Germany 1450, the printing press 240 prints per hour (↔ monks copying/writing one codex for several months) The Gutenberg Bible, 1455 – a handwritten Bible: for one scribe it took one year

5. Giotto (14th c. trecento): The Birth of Christ

6. Fra Angelico

7. Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa, The Vitruvian Man

10. Leonardo: The Last Supper

11. Leonardo: Virgin of the Rocks

12. Botticelli: The Birth of Venus

13. Botticelli: Primavera (Spring), c.1482 Mercury, Graces, Venus, Cupid, Flora, Chloris, Zephyr

14. SOURCES Ovid: Fasti Lucretius: De rerum Nature "Spring-time and Venus come,/ And Venus' boy, the winged harbinger, steps on before,/ And hard on Zephyr's foot- prints Mother Flora,/ Sprinkling the ways before them, filleth all/ With colours and with odours excellent."

15. Michelangelo: The Sistine Chapel

16. The Creation of Adam

17. Michelangelo: David

18. Michelangelo: Moses

19. Raphael/Raffaello Sanzio

20. Raphael: The School of Athens

21. Tizian

23. Hans Holbein, the Younger: Henry VIII (the King), Erasmus (the Scholar)

24. Hans Holbein, the Younger 1533: `The Ambassadors'

25. Realism, beauty and allegorical meaning: the active and the contemplative life, life and death nobleman/ambassador vs scholar/bishop ornate sheath of a dagger (29) vs book (25) the culture of the age: `Turkey' carpet, celestial globe and an array of astronomical and navigational instruments. The date: 11 April. A German text-book of Arithmetic for Merchants, propped open with a T-square. A lute and a case of recorders or flutes: Holbein's mastery of foreshortening and musical interests. A string of the lute: snapped, a traditional emblem of fragility. In the top left corner, at the edge of the magnificently patterned green hanging, is a crucifix. The hymnal in front of the lute is open at Martin Luther's hymn,'Come Holy Ghost our souls inspire‘ Memento mori: medieval mosaic (Westminster Abbey) – distorted skull + reality, as perceived by the senses, must be viewed `correctly' to reveal its full meaning

26. Pieter Brueghel: The Battle of Carnival and Lent

27. Thomas More-Utopia

29. Shakespeare: Hamlet; Romeo and Juliet