1. Diversity of Life Adaptations

2. Definitions Characteristics that give an organism a better chance of survival – a survival advantage Special traits that help living organisms survive in a particular environment.

3. Reasons for adaptations To suit their habitat For protection For attack For feeding For movement Q. Try listing the top 5 reasons why organisms have adaptations….

4. Types of adaptations Structural – external characteristics size shape feet, eyes, bills, skin, scales

5. Types of adaptations Behavioral - different ways of reacting to the environment nocturnal arboreal (lives in trees) burrowing Mating

6. Types of adaptations Physiological - internal characteristics hibernation rumination (grass eaters) endothermic – can maintain own body temp. Eg: Humans and most animals Exothermic – can’t maintain own body temp, so need the sun to do this. Eg: All reptiles

7. Examples Kangaroos moving in large groups is a behavioral adaptation - helps protect members of group from predators Thick fur coat of arctic fox is a structural adaptation - helps protect it against cold weather Camouflage is a physiological adaptation used by chameleons - helps blend into their changing environment

8. Try classifying the following examples as one of the three types of adaptations: behavioural, structural, physiological Sharp claws Cat reacting at the sound of can of food opening Skin colour darkens when exposed to sunlight Flat teeth for grinding and chewing

9. What are these adaptations for?

11. Habitat: Dry inland Australia, including deserts and grasslands Adaptations: It is able to go without drinking as long as green grass is available and it adapts well to drought. They can hop as fast as 64 km and use this as their first line defense. Kangaroos have a tendon in the leg which acts like a rubber band, conserving energy as the animal moves. Tail serves as a balance when the animal leaps and as a prop when it stands. Kangaroos

12. Habitat: Cold oceans Adaptations: Black and white colors. These colors help camouflage them. Their blowhole is at the top of their head. This enables them to come up and breathe more easily. Blubber keeps them warm in the frigid seas. Orcas are the fastest mammals in the sea. They can travel up to 50 kph. Their speed helps them catch their prey. Orca whales

13. Habitat: Wet, humid and hot jungles as well as icy cold forests Adaptations: A tiger's hind limbs are longer than their forelimbs, an advantage for jumping. The forelimbs and shoulders are well-muscled and the forelegs can twist inward, enabling the tiger to grab and hold large prey. Underside of the paws have soft pads which allow tigers to quietly stalk their prey. Tigers

14. Habitat: Tropical secondary forest Adaptations: Opposable thumb enables manipulation of objects; big toe also opposable for grasping. Large and powerful arms used to break stalks or uproot vegetation while foraging. High intelligence probably an adaptation for finding scarce or isolated fruit plants in the rain forest. Gorillas

15. Habitat: Dry deserts Adaptations: Spines serve a number of purposes in addition to protection from hungry and thirsty animals. They provide shade, serve as a windbreak to prevent dehydration from dry winds, and help trap warm air close to the plant. Root systems of cacti are very close to the surface of the soil, making it possible for them to take advantage of the slightest rain shower. Cacti

16. Habitat: Underwater Adaptations: Little or no mechanical strengthening tissue in stems. If these plants are removed from the water, they hang limply. They are normally supported by water all around them and so have no need of mechanical strengthening. Air-filled cavities often extend throughout the leaves and stems of aquatic plants, providing an internal atmosphere. Algae

17. Air Plants (Tillandsias) Habitat Native to the American Tropics Due to their amazing adaptation, they can live in a wide variety of climates. Prefers rocky areas Needs to have some moisture in the air but not too much like a rainforest Loves sunlight Adaptations Capture all required water and nutrients via small scales on the leaf surface rather than through roots They are able to conserve water and never need watering or to be planted in soil

18. Habitat: Adaptations: Ants

19. Habitat: Adaptations: Koalas

20. Habitat: Adaptations: Bandicoots

21. Habitat: Adaptations: Tiger snake

22. What is the environment your animal lives in? Grassland

23. Grassy woodland

24. Heathy woodland

25. Swamp Wetlands

26. Wet Heath

27. Design your animal to live in a particular part of the Cranbourne botanical gardens When you are designing your animal what do you think you will need to consider?

28. Size, colour and shape Body structure Its diet How it moves How it catches food? Gets water? Where does it shelter? How does it defend itself against predators How does it keep warm/cool? How does it reproduce / care for its young?

29. So what adaptations are you going to give your animal to survive in the environment you chose?