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APA Style Tutorial- Part III: Referencing
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Overview Purpose of a style guide Standardize the reporting of the resources Makes it easy to identify the resources used and allow readers to find them Validates the research used by the author
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Where to go for HELP! If there is a question about how to do either a citation or a reference, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the reference source. To generate citations and references for a resource: http://citationmachine.net/leftpanel.php?r eqstyleid=2_ APA has a Web site that can also be useful: http://www.apastyle.org/askexpert.html
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The References List Reference sources used in your paper must be listed. Start references on a new page after the body of your text. List alphabetically by author’s last name (or title, if author not known). Use a ½ inch hanging indent for each line after the first line and double-spaced throughout.
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Sample References Page
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References Page Caveats If you have more than one source by the same author, arrange by year of publication beginning with the earliest. Capitalization: titles of books and articles are treated like sentences with only the first word capitalized. (Proper nouns should be capitalized, just as they would in a sentence, e.g.: Asante, M. (1995). African American history: A journey of liberation. Maywood, NJ: People’s Publishing Group.)
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More Reference Page Caveats Authors’ first names are always reduced to initials, eg: Akbar, N. (1996). Multiple authors are joined with an ampersand “&” instead of with the word “and”, eg: Allen, R. & Bagozzi, R. (2001). Single-author entries precede those with co- authors, eg: Allen, R. (2001) would be listed before Allen, R. & Bagozzi, R. (2001).
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Referencing a journal article from print Harrell, S. (2000). A multidimensional conceptualization of racism-related stress: Implications for the well-being of people of color. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70, 42-57. Author (Year). Title of the article. Journal Title, Volume #, page numbers.
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Referencing a journal article retrieved online Kessler, R. & Neighbors, H. (1986). A new perspective on the relationship among race, social class, and psychological distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 27, 107-115. Retrieved August 11, 2007 from Academic Search Elite. Author (Year). Title of article. Journal Title, Volume #, page numbers. Retrieval information.
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Referencing a book Hacker, A. (1992). Two nations: Black and White, separate, hostile and unequal. New York: Scribner. Author (Year). Book title. Publisher.
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Referencing a chapter of a book Utsey, S., Bolden, M., & Brown, A. (2001). Visions of revelation from the spirit of Frantz Fanon: A psychology of liberation for counseling African Americans confronting societal racism and depression. In J. Ponterotto, J. Casas. L. Suzuki & L. Alexander (Eds.): Handbook of Multicultural Counseling (pp. 311-336). London: Sage Publications. Author (Year). Chapter Title. Book editors (Eds.): Book Title (page numbers). Publisher.
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Referencing Online documents Author (Year). Title of work. Retrieved month, day, year from source. electronic sources include Web sites or Web pages, newsgroups, Web- or e-mail based discussion groups and newsletters If there is no date for a document, use (n.d.) in the year section of the reference.
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