1. Population GENETICS

2. stabilizing selection directional selection disruptive selection
Vocab list
Population Genetics
gene pool
allele frequency
genetic equilibrium
genetic drift
gene flow
stabilizing selection
directional selection
disruptive selection
speciation
geographic isolation
reproductive isolation
gradualism
punctuated equilibrium
adaptive radiation
divergent evolution
convergent evolution
coevolution

3. Changes in evolution occur in populations, not individuals
Population Genetics
Population Genetics
Changes in evolution occur in populations, not individuals

4. entire collection of genes in a population allele frequency
Population Genetics
Population Genetics
gene pool
entire collection of genes in a population
allele frequency
number of times an allele appears in a gene pool
genetic equilibrium
gene pool which is not changing in allele frequencies
a population at genetic equilibrium is not evolving

5. Change in small populations mutations
Population Genetics
Mechanisms for Change
Change in small populations
mutations
introduces of new alleles into gene pool

6. random change in allele frequency over time
Population Genetics
Mechanisms for Change
genetic drift
random change in allele frequency over time

7. increase of possible alleles between populations
Population Genetics
Mechanisms for Change
gene flow
increase of possible alleles between populations
this can change the allele frequency of both populations

8. Population Genetics
Mechanisms for Change
For larger populations natural selection is the significant factor which causes changes in allele frequency

9. Steps of Natural Selection
Mechanisms for Change
Steps of Natural Selection
In nature organisms produce more offspring than can survive.
Population Genetics

10. Steps of Natural Selection
Population Genetics
Mechanisms for Change
Steps of Natural Selection
2. In any population, individuals have variations.

11. Steps of Natural Selection
Population Genetics
Mechanisms for Change
Steps of Natural Selection
3. Individuals with certain useful variations survive in their environment, passing those variations to the next generation.

12. Steps of Natural Selection
Population Genetics
Mechanisms for Change
Steps of Natural Selection
4. Over time, offspring with certain variations make up most of the population and may look entirely different from their ancestors.

13. stabilizing selection selection against extremes, favors the average
Population Genetics
Natural Selection
on one variation
stabilizing selection
selection against extremes, favors the average

14. directional selection
Population Genetics
Natural Selection
on one variation
directional selection
selection against one extreme, favors other extreme

15. selection against average, favors both extremes
Population Genetics
Natural Selection
on one variation
disruptive selection
selection against average, favors both extremes

16. the production of two or more species what leads to a new species?
Population Genetics
Evolution of a Species
speciation
the production of two or more species
what leads to a new species?
geographic isolation
physical barrier which separates populations

17. what leads to a new species? reproductive isolation
Population Genetics
Evolution of a Species
what leads to a new species?
reproductive isolation
groups can no longer sexually reproduce
ex: behavior, mating patterns, physical differences

18. species evolve at a slow constant rate
Population Genetics
Evolution of a Species
Speed of speciation
gradualism
species evolve at a slow constant rate

19. punctuated equilibrium rapid significant changes over a short time
Population Genetics
Evolution of a Species
Speed of speciation
punctuated equilibrium
rapid significant changes over a short time

20. new species develop from a single common ancestor
Population Genetics
Patterns in Evolution
adaptive radiation
new species develop from a single common ancestor

21. new species develop from a single common ancestor
Population Genetics
Patterns in Evolution
divergent evolution
new species develop from a single common ancestor

22. different species develop similar traits
Population Genetics
Patterns in Evolution
convergent evolution
different species develop similar traits

23. Patterns in Evolution co-evolution
Population Genetics
Patterns in Evolution
co-evolution
different species develop traits as a result of a close relationship with the other species