2. 5. Socio-political aspects

3. 2  An essential component of successful water conservation program  Inform the public about the basics of water use efficiency (pamphlet, newsletters, tv/radio-programs, web sites, competition and exhibition/fair): - How water is delivered to them? -What are the costs of water service? - Why water conservation is important? -How they can participate in conservation efforts?  School education is also an important means for instilling water conservation awareness Public Education

4. 3

5. 4 Source: (Coe, 1978)

6. 5  When brushing your teeth, don’t let the tap run continuously, use a beaker of water to rinse your mouth.  Fix dripping taps – these could waste up to 30 litres per day, enough to operate a shower for five minutes.  Only use the washing machine when you have a full load or use half load facilities.  Do your washing up or washing of vegetables, in a bowl, not under a running tap. If you use a dishwasher try to use it only on full load.  Look for water efficient appliances when replacing those in kitchen and bathroom Simple tips to save water in the home Source: Environmental Agency UK

8. 7  Australia is showing leadership on water efficiency labelling with the Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards (WELS) scheme being the first national scheme of its kind in the world.  The WELS scheme introduces mandatory water efficiency labels on all showerheads, washing machines, toilets, dishwashers, urinals and some types of taps, as well as minimum water efficiency standards for toilets. Water Efficiency Labelling Source: Environmental Agency UK

9. 8

10. 9  Rules and regulations that form the basis of WDM policy - Use of specific plumbing fixtures and devices Example: Code of practice for Water fixtures in Singapore - Requirement for rainwater harvesting Example: Regulations in some cities in India  Requirements of water reuse and conservation in industrial complexes.  Subsidies for water saving devices and systems used in treating and reusing waste water  Regulation for resale of water Legal and Policy Measures

11. 10  In 1989, Australia made it mandatory for all new toilets installed be fitted with a 4.5/9.0 litre dual-flush cistern. In 1996 the authorities further tightened water consumption in the bathroom and decided to reduce the dual-flush to 3.0/6.0 litres.  New York has a free changeover program where the local council will pay for 100% of the cost of replacing an old 10-12 litre flush toilet with the new 1.6 gallon (7.2 litre) flush toilet.  Since July 1996 Singapore Government has made it compulsory for all new toilets to be fitted with a flushing capacity of no more than 4.5 litres. Legal and Policy Measures (Examples)