1. Unit 5 Evolution Evidence of Evolution

2. Evidence 1 Fossil: impression of dead organism made on a surface Types: Mold: imprint on surface in shape of organism Cast: mold that has been filled w/minerals to form a model

3. Australia

6. Distribution of Fossils Law of superposition: layers of materials accumulated on the organism Bottom layer = oldest Top layer = youngest

7. Succession of forms 1. Extinction 2. Mass extinction: large population of species disappear in a short period of time a.Reasons:

9. Evidence 2 1. Homologous structures: structures that are similar in different species a.May have common ancestor b.Different functions c.Example:

11. Evidence 2 2. Analogous structures: structures of different species that have same function a.Look similar b.May not have common ancestor c.Example:

12. Homologous and Analogous

13. Analogous Structures

14. Evidence 2 3. Vestigial organ: existing structures used by ancestors but not by current species a.Example:

15. Evidence 3 Embryology: a.Embryo: first stage of developing organism b.All vertebrates show similar features in embryo stage

17. Evidence 4 Macromolecules: a.Amino Acid and DNA sequences are similar for certain species -Common ancestor

18. Patterns of Evolution 1. Coevolution: different species adapt over time with one another -can be btwn species of mutualism -Example:

19. Coevolution

21. Patterns of Evolution 2. Convergent Evolution: species not closely related adapt similar traits to their environment separately Analogous structures result Phenotypes converge Example:

23. Patterns of Evolution 3. Divergent Evolution: 2 or more related species become more different over time a.Different habitats b.Adaptive radiation: arise from 1 common ancestor 1.Example: c.Artificial selection: diverging due to unnatural occurrences 1.Example: