1. Susceptibility- Lack of resistance to a disease Resistance/ immunity- Ability to ward off disease Innate (nonspecific) immunity- Resistance to all microbes; present from birth (can be species specific) Adaptive (specific) resistance- Resistance to a specific pathogen Immunity

2. Host defense systems Figure 16.1 - Overview (1 of 3)

3. First line of defense- skin -Physical factors -Chemical factors -Microbiota

4. First line of defense- mucosal surfaces -Physical factors * Mucous production * Cilia * Hairs

5. First line of defense- mucosal surfaces -Physical factors -Chemical factors -Normal microbiota

6. First line of defense- lacrimal apparatus -Physical factors -Chemical factors

7. Second line of defense- blood cells! Bruce Wetzel (photographer). Harry Schaefer (photographer) National Cancer Institute

8. Table 16.1 (2 of 3) Second line of defense- blood cells!

9. Table 16.1 (3 of 3) Second line of defense- blood cells!

10. Type of cellIncreaseDecrease RBCErythrocytosis Polycythemia Anemia WBCsLeukocytosisLeukopenia - lymphocytesLymphocytosisLymphocytopenia - granulocytesGranylocytosisGranulocytopenia - neutrophilsNeutrophiliaNeutropenia - eosinophilsEosinophiliaEosinopenia Platelets ThrombocytosisThrombocytopenia ALL cell lines Pancytopenia Complete blood count (CBC)

11. Figure 16.6 Figure 16.7 - Overview Processes: Phagocytosis

12. Chemicals released by damaged cells that cause: - Vasodilation - Increased permeability - Activation of Complement system Processes: Inflammation

13. Processes: The Complement System Activation of complement proteins will: 1. Enhance phagocytosis 2. Punch holes in microbes 3. Cause inflammation