1. Internal migration of Britain’s ethnic populations Serena Hussain and John Stillwell School of Geography University of Leeds Presentation for the UPTAP Workshop held at the University of Leeds, 21-23 March, 2007

2. Presentation Context Objectives Data sources Levels and types of analysis - National - District - Ward Conclusions

3. Context (1) Britain’s smaller urban centres and rural areas have grown in 1980s and 1990s as white-British have moved away from major metropolitan centres Counterurbanisation has continued

4. Context (2) In contrast, distributions of ethnic minority groups, particularly non-whites, have become increasingly concentrated in London and certain provincial cities

5. Context (3) Immigration also has an urban orientation though more so for non-whites than whites

6. Context (4) As non-white populations in metropolitan Britain have increased in size through natural change and immigration, there is a contention that ethnic communities are becoming increasingly spatially concentrated and levels of segregation are rising Phenomenon akin to what Bill Frey calls ‘balkanisation’ in USA Fundamental to understand the population redistribution brought about by internal ‘ethno-migration’ - the focus of our research

7. Objectives (1) To outline the ethnic composition of internal migration in GB at national, district and ward scales, 2000-01 To identify patterns of internal ethno- migration vis a vis spatial distribution of ethnic populations and immigration at LAD scale, 2000-01 To quantify spatial connectivity through ethno-migration, spatial variations in gross and net migration rates, and migration effectiveness at LAD scale, 2000-01

8. Objectives (2) To carry out detailed analysis of patterns of ethno-migration from London boroughs and wards, looking in particular at characteristics of origins and destinations, 2000-01 To do the same at ward level for selected set of provincial cities with large concentrations of ethnic minorities, 2000-01 To estimate what changes in composition and pattern of ethno-migration have occurred in Britain between 1990-91 and 2000-01

9. Main Data Sources 2001 Census Key Statistics and Special Migration Statistics (SMS) for analysis at all selected spatial scales 2001 Census Samples of Anonymised Records (SAR) for national and regional analysis

10. Which ethnic group classification? CASWEB WICID 2001 SMS Level 1 (District) Level 2 (Ward) 2001 Key Statistics Table KS6

11. Commissioned tables C0711: Origin-destination flows at district scale by ethnic group (7 groups) and age group (0-15, 16-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-44, 45-59, 60+) Also includes flows in from 50 other regions of the world (but not age disaggregated) C0723(a): Flows by origin (region) and destination (ward) by ethnic group (7 groups) and age (7 groups) C0723(b): Flows by origin (ward) and destination (region) by ethnic group (7 groups) and age (7 groups) Small Cell Adjustment applied to all flows to ensure confidentiality

12. Levels and types of analysis National level PopulationMigration*%Rate % White52,481,2005,510,66291.010.5 Indian1,05,1844103,4571.79.8 Pakistani and other SA1,276,892131,6182.210.3 Chinese243,25835,7930.614.7 Black1,147,597139,8112.312.2 Mixed673,79697,4491.614.5 Other229,32435,8780.615.6 Total57,103,9116,054,668100.010.6 * Excludes 456,736 persons with no usual address 12 months previously

13. District level May want to use this classification of local authority districts for presenting aggregate flows

14. Net migration flows summed for type of local authority by ethnic group, 2000-01 Ethnic group London boroughs Metro districts Unitary authorities Other local authorities White-43,918-19,88015,12448,674 Indian-885-696760821 Pakistani and OSA-1,525125889511 Chinese35357-31-379 Black-4,45645223821,622 Mixed-2,071715831,417 Other11819114-251 Total-52,384-19,85219,82152,415

15. London boroughs: Black and Asian ethnic minority populations, 2001

16. Indian Chinese Black Pakistani and OSA White Net migration balances by ethnic group for boroughs Flows within London only

17. Black Pakistani and OSE Chinese White Indian Major ethno-migration flows taking place between London boroughs, 2000-01 Flows within London only

18. Ward level Need to disentangle some of these patterns!

19. Conclusions Want to say something about ‘linkage’, i.e. - Are minority ethnic groups becoming more or less geographically concentrated/segregated through internal migration? - Is immigration fuelling processes of ethnic concentration? - Is there any relationship between non-white immigration and white internal migration? Want to say something about ‘relative conditions’, i.e. - To what extent is spatial mobility of ethnic migration linked to social mobility? - What are the differences in the levels of deprivation/affluence between the migrants’ areas of origin and destination?