1. Discourses: Defn: 1) verbal interchange of ideas; especially conversation 2) a formal and orderly and usually extended expression of thought on a subject 3) a mode of organizing knowledge, ideas, of experience that is rooted in language and its concrete contexts (as history or institutions)

2. representation Representation: defn: 1) one that represents: as an artistic likeness or image 2) a statement or account made to influence opinion or action

3. Bugeja: Thesis “Media create perceptions, for better or worse” (219) And since media professionals often depict society without fully experiencing diversity of it (215) Coverage has a tendency to promote stereotypes instead of diversity Tolerance is needed.

4. What does biased coverage look like? (stereotypes, 222) Can be blatant or subtle (228) Based on assumptions (219) Suggests “one” stands-in for all –organizes symbolically (226) Fails to represent group truly and instead perverts judgement (220) Danger = they become cliche (223) Result= De-humanizes: eroding rights and privileges of citizenship (226)

5. How to deal with bias? (tolerance) See others as they actually are (217) Practice diversity as a matter of conscience and consciousness (218) Don’t ignore bias, but acknowledge it (218) A revolution in thought- stand up and say “this is not acceptable to us” (221) The mapmaker concept (222) Identify stereotypes (229) Appropriate descriptions, coverage, relationships (233,234)