1. Packet Centric Transport in NG Hybrid TDM/Packet/WDM Transport Networks
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Enrique Hernandez-Valencia Alcatel-Lucent Optics CTO Group
Internet 2 - Summer 2007 Joint Techs Workshop Fermilab - Batavia, IL
July 15-18, 2007.

2. 1. Transport Network Evolution Drivers NG Hybrid Transport Node Models
Agenda
1. Transport Network Evolution Drivers
NG Hybrid Transport Node Models
Packet Transport Framework
Closing Remarks
Agenda Pages
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3. Transport Network Evolution Drivers
In an All-IP, blended services world, traffic must be aggregated and transported over distance with high resiliency at the lowest cost per bit
Application service layer convergence on IP
Transport service layer moving to Packets
Service Drivers
Fix/Mobile Convergence
Bus/Res 3-Play
Switched Ethernet
Internet Access Switched Ethernet
Bus/Res 3-Play
Switched Ethernet
Transport Network Investments (Aggregation)
Core
Hybrid Packet Transport
SDH/SONET
SDH/SONET
SDH/SONET
SDH/SONET
NG Packet Transport
Metro
EoS
Carrier Ethernet (e.g. MPLS)
EoS
T-ROADM
Access
EoS
Enterprise Ethernet
ROADM
2000
2003
2006
2009

4. Transport Network Equipment – Requirements & Enablers
Reliable aggregation and transport of any client traffic type, in any scale, at the lowest cost per bit
Scalability
Ability to support any number of client traffic instances whatever network size, from access to core
Multi-service
Ability to deliver any type of client traffic (transparency to service)
Quality
Ability to ensure that client traffic is reliably delivered at monitored e2e performance
Cost-Efficiency
Acting as server layer for all the rest by keeping processing complexity low and operations easy
Networking Layering
Domain Partitioning
Client agnosticism (any L1, L2, L3)
Connection oriented
OAM, resiliency
Traffic engineering, resource reservation
CAPEX: low protocol complexity
OPEX: multilayer operations across Packets/TDM/λ
Transport values have evolved through long TDM evolution
They hold through transition to packets

5. Hybrid Architecture for Next-Generation Transport
Client Processing decoupled from Switching
Universal Switching
Integrated TDM/Packet switching architecture
Switching synch traffic (circuits) or asynch traffic (packets) in native format (technology-independent)
Non-stop forwarding (not affected by traffic congestion)
Photonic
Universal TDM/Packet Switch
Specific Traffic Processing Line Cards
Technology-dependent traffic line cards
Host tech specific traffic processing functions (classification, policing, perf. monitoring, OAM, etc)
Open to any packet-based transport protocol, focused around carrier grade layer 2 transport such as Ethernet Provider Bridging & T-MPLS
PKT
TDM
TDM
TDM
PKT
PKT
Photonics Integration
CWDM/DWDM, OADM, Mux/Demux, Transponders
ROADM, OTH

6. Seamless Network Transformation to All-Packet Transport
MSPP model
Carrier Ethernet transport model
SONET/SDH model
Native switching of synch traffic (circuits) and asynch traffic (packets)
Universal Switch
Universal Switch
Universal Switch
C/D-WDM ROADM
OC-192 STM-64
OC STM-64
C/D-WDM ROADM
Photonic card
STM-1
OC-3
E1/DS1 GE FE
10GE
GE/FE
10GE
TDM card
Packet card
10GE
100% Circuit
100% Packet
Any Traffic Mix
Freedom in planning network resources, reduced investment risk
Cost-optimized network consolidation

7. Hybrid-Fabric Approaches Dual Packet-TDM Fabric
Attributes:
Dual TDM/Packet Star
Separate TDM/Packet backplane traces
Advantages:
Native TDM (e.g. crossbar) and Packet (e.g., self-routed) fabrics support & feature set
Leverage OTS components
Drawbacks:
Duplicated modules (cost & footprint)
Duplicated backplane traces (CAPEX)
Independent subsystem technologies to be managed (OPEX)
TDM Card
XSFP
Mapper/ Framer
TDM BP Int.
TDM Card
XSFP
Mapper/ Framer
TDM BP Int.
Packet Card
XSFP
NPU & TM
Packet BP Int.
Packet Card
XSFP
NPU & TM
Packet BP Int.

8. Hybrid-Fabric Approaches Central Packet Fabric
Attributes:
Single packet fabric instance
Single-set of backplane traces
TDM emulation toward fabric
Advantages:
Leverage OTS packet processing components
Single (packet-oriented) control framework
Drawbacks:
Stringent packet/cell processing constraints to support TDM traffic emulation requirements
Higher TDM card cost from CE functions
TDM Card
XSFP
Mapper/ Framer
CES BP Int.
TDM Card
XSFP
Mapper/ Framer
CES BP Int.
Packet Card
XSFP
NPU & TM
Packet BP Int.
Packet Card
XSFP
NPU & TM
Packet BP Int.

9. Hybrid-Fabric Approaches Central TDM Fabric
Attributes:
Single TDM fabric instance
Single-set of backplane traces
Arbitrated TDM fabric access
Advantages:
Native synchronous fabric (low cost)
Single TDM-oriented control framework
Drawbacks:
More complex fabric access arbitration for packet cards
Fabric scaling to higher data rates?
TDM Card
XSFP
Mapper/ Framer
TDM BP Int.
TDM Card
XSFP
Mapper/ Framer
TDM BP Int.
Packet Card
XSFP
NPU & TM
Packet BP Int.
Packet Card
XSFP
NPU & TM
Packet BP Int.

10. Hybrid-Fabric Approaches Tradeoffs
Key hybrid-fabric tradeoffs:
Parallel Packet-based and TDM-based solution achieve high functionality with low component integration (multiple devices) and, hence, higher cost
Packet-based solutions require TDM-to-packet conversion on I/O Ports – High Cost – and greater performance budget (jitter and delay sensitivity) w.r.t TDM service
TDM-based solution delivers compatible with TDM performances w/o penalties on costs & provide option for interoperation with TDM only I/O
TDM
TDM
Extra Cost on Data boards,
Full or partial board capacity
Packet
Packet
A Multi-Service TDM fabric allows flexible and cost-effective cross-connection of SONET and G.709 OTN) containers and..... Packet Switching!

11. I/O & Agnostic TDM Fabric Connectivity: A typical Implementation
TDM/WDM Line Card
TDM/WDM Line Card
Connection between TDM/WDM Line Card Input/Output ports are Static
There is a static 1-to-1 relationship between input port signal and output port signal I1 O1
SXY
SIO(t) = 1, if I=X and O=Y  t
0, otherwise
Universal
Switch
Packet Line Card
Connection between Packet Line Cards are Dynamic to allow packet aggregation
There is a dynamic N-to-1 relationship between input port signal and output port signal (e.g., re-arrangeable CLOS)
SIO(t) = 1, if I=X and O=R(t)
0, otherwise
SUV IN ON
Fabric Access controller

12. Packet Transport Aggregation Framework
Based on a connection-oriented packet switching (CO-PS) model
Intended as a carrier grade all-packet transport technology
Packet-oriented forwarding
Complemented with comprehensive OAM and resiliency capabilities
Profiled after the L2 aspects of IETF MPLS technology
Synergy with IETF IP/MPLS-based service networks and models (inc. multipoint emulation via VPLS/H-VPLS)
Simpler in forwarding scope, less complex in operations (no native IP forwarding)
Can operate independently of their clients (e.g., Ethernet, IP/MPLS, etc.) and associated control networks (management and signaling)
Being specified under ITU-S Study Group 15 (Rec. G ) & IETF PWE3 (as “MPLS Transport”)
IP/MPLS
Ethernet
Others
T-MPLS Channel (PWE3 based)
Optical-Packet Transport Network
T-MPLS Link/Section
T-MPLS Path/

13. Control Plane Directions: ASON/GMPLS
GMPLS proposed as the single generalized distributed control plane to be used form common control protocol for multiple networking technologies environment, including Packets, TDM/Optical and/or Photonics
GMPLS already define support for:
UNI, I-NNI and E-NNI interfaces (thus easing overlay dynamic approach)
Bidirectional & Unidirectional paths
GMPLS also allows for separation of data plane and control plane
Only control interfaces are used to flood control information
GMPLS allows for “horizontal” scalability in routing domains (thanks to separation of data plane and control plane and recursive topology)
GMPLS allows for “vertical” scalability (same control plane across photonic, TDM and packet layers)
GMPLS is the ideal control plane for multilayered networks

14. Hybrid Transport-Switch implementation Transport instance target vision
General Transport Switch architecture
Typical Core node implementation
Typical WDM node implementation
Typical metro node implementation
CBR (2,5Gb/s)
CBR (<2,5Gb/s)
Packets
Lambda (ALU colored)
CBR
CBR - ODU
CBR – SDH
L2/L3 -Packet
ODU switch
SDH switch
MPLS switch
CBR - ODU
ODU - ODU
SDH - ODU
TMPLS - ODU
ODU - lambda
ODU - lambda
ODU - lambda
ODU - lambda
Och Switch
Line

15. An Scalable Hybrid Transport Architecture
Transport Service Switch
Carrier Ethernet/MPLS Transport
Generalized MPLS Control Plane (G-MPLS)
Optical Transport Hierarchy (G.709)
SDH/SONET
TDM
Och
ODU
TDM
Service
T-MPLS
Service
WDM
STM-n/OC-x Servers
VC/VT Clients
WDM
Servers
Ethernet
Clients
OAM
OAM
Circuit Transport
Packet / Photonic Transport
Purposely designed for carrier-grade Packet Transport Networking
Synthesis of best-in-class packet (IETF) and transport (ITU) features
MPLS profiled, but transport-oriented (wrt. OAM/Resiliency/PM)
Client-independent, medium-independent (Multi-service)
Scalable forwarding, control/management planes (via ASON/GMPLS)
Cost-effective (simple forwarding & comprehensive operations capabilities)

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