1. IGCSE Global Perspectives
Population dynamics
IGCSE Global Perspectives

2. World Population Growth Through History
Billions 12 11
2100 10 9
Modern
Age 8
Old
Stone
Bronze
Iron
Middle 7
Age
New Stone Age
Age
Age
Ages 6
2000
Future 5 4
1975 3
1950 2
1900 1
Black Death —
The Plague
1800
1+ million
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
A.D.
A.D.
A.D.
A.D.
A.D.
A.D.
years
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
B.C. 1
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Source: Population Reference Bureau; and United Nations, World Population Projections to 2100 (1998).

3. World Population Growth, in Billions
Number of years to add each billion (year)
All of Human History
(1800)
130 (1930)
30 (1960)
15 (1975)
12 (1987)
12 (1999)
14 (2013)
14 (2027)
21 (2048)
Sources: First and second billion: Population Reference Bureau. Third through ninth billion: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.

4. 2009 2050 China 1331 India 1748 1171 1437 USA 307 439 Indonesia 243
Country
Population
(milions)
China
1331
India
1748
1171
1437
USA
307
439
Indonesia
243
343
Brazil
191
Pakistan
335
181
Nigeria
285
Bangladesh
162
222
153
215
Russia
142
Dem. Rep. of Congo
189
Japan
128
Philippines
150

5. World Population Growth Is Almost Entirely Concentrated in the World's Poorer Countries.
World Population (in Billions):
Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects, The 2008 Revision.

6. More developed countries
The “more developed” countries and areas include all of North America and Europe plus Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.
This category matches the “more developed” classification employed by the United Nations.

7. Less developed countries
The “less developed” countries include all of Africa, all of Asia except Japan, the Transcaucasian and Central Asian republics, all of Latin America and the Caribbean, and all of Oceania except Australia and New Zealand.
This category matches the “less developed country” classification employed by the United Nations.
“Less developed” countries are sometimes referred to as “developing” countries.

8. Factors influencing population growth

9. The birth rate is defined as the number of live births per 1000 population in a year.
If the birth rate of a country is 20/1000, this means that on average for every 1000 people in this country 20 births will occur in a year.
The death rate is the number of deaths per thousand population in a year.
If the death rate for the same country is 8/1000, it means that on average for every 1000 people 8 deaths will occur.

10. The difference between the birth rate and the death rate is the rate of natural change.
Rate of natural increase – The birth rate minus the death rate, implying the annual rate of population growth without regard for migration. Expressed as a percentage.
Additional effects of migration are not included.
In this case it will be 12/1000 (20/ /1000).

11. Birth and Death Rates, Worldwide
Rates of birth, death, and natural increase per 1,000 population
Natural Increase
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.

12. Latin America / Caribbean 6 North America Oceania 18 Europe
Region
Birth rate
Death rate
World 21 9
More developed world 11 10
Less developed world 23 8
Africa 38 14
Asia 19 7
Latin America / Caribbean 6
North America
Oceania 18
Europe

13. World Population Clock
2005
Natural Increase per
World
More Developed Countries
Less Developed Countries
Less Developed Countries (less China)
Year
80,794,218
1,234,907
79,559,311
71,906,587
Day
221,354
3,383
217,971
197,004
Minute
154 2
151
137
Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.

14. Population change in a country is affected by
a) the difference between births and deaths (natural change) and
b) the balance between immigration and emigration (net migration).

15. The immigration rate is the number of immigrants per 1000 population in the receiving country in a year.
The emigration rate is the number of emigrants per 1000 population in the country of origin in a year.
The rate of net migration is the difference between the rates of immigration and emigration.