1. Final Exam Review
Semester 2

2. Middle East/Current Events
TEST COVERS the following units:
Russian Revolution
Age of Anxiety
World War II
Gandhi
Cold War
Middle East/Current Events

3. Lenin builds an Empire 1917-1924
Russian Revolution
Lenin builds an Empire

4. Russian Revolution

5. Road to Revolution Russo-Japanese War (1904)
Nicholas II (Rules )
Poor Performance
Bloody Sunday (1905)
World War I (1914)
Duma Established 1906
Unprepared
Dissolves Duma

6. Russia During World War I
Morale very low
Soldiers deserting the Army
Economy is very weak
High prices, shortages, etc…
Bolsheviks demanding change at home
Nicholas II headquarters at front in WWI

7. Bolsheviks Russian Marxist group that wanted reform
Leader: Vladimir Lenin
Fled Russia in early 1900’s to avoid arrest

8. TIMELINE Lenin takes power in 1917 Signs treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918
Russia falls into Civil War
15 million people die!
(war, famine, disease)
Economy destroyed!

9. Communism: Theory vs Reality
Karl Marx
Wrote Communist Manifesto [1848]
Predicted the collapse of capitalism

10. Stalin Wrap-Up Rules until his death in 1953
USSR becomes much stronger military
Majority of Russians live in poverty
Totalitarian Government which rules by fear
Fights with USA in World War II
After WWII, USSR becomes enemy of USA
Cold war starts

11. Age of Anxiety

12. Early 20th Century: The world experiments
with NEW ways to govern society.
Democracy &
Capitalism
Totalitarianism
Socialism
Nazism
Fascism
Communism

13. ISM’s of the 20th Century Socialism Totalitarianism Fascism Nazism
End of World War I leads to the rise of Totalitarian Ideologies
Socialism
Totalitarianism
Fascism
Nazism
Communism

15. Results of Great Depression
Around the World
Results of Great Depression
European countries were just beginning to recover from World War I
The U.S. economy hurt the GLOBAL economy.
Japanese Economy begins to suffer
Helps Hitler assume power in Germany

16. Hitler’s Dance 1935-- Rearmament begins in Germany
Moves into the Rhineland
Seize Austria & demands Sudetenland
Munich Conference

17. Nonaggression Pact Hitler & Stalin’s 1939 10-year pact signed
Secretly agree to divide Poland
other countries promised to Stalin
Hitler was assured there would be no attack from the east. (USSR)

18. Appeasement

19. World War II

20. World War II <------------------------------------------------->
Battle of
Stalingrad
&
Operation Torch
Battle of
Britain
Poland
Invasion
Pearl
Harbor
D-Day
< >
Invasion
Soviet
Union
France
Falls
Battle of
Midway
Germany
Surrenders

21. 3-Theatres of War: European, African & Pacific

22. Two Front War
U.S. & Great Britain concentrate on Southern Europe & Northern Africa
Soviet Union fight on its “own” against Germany on eastern front
U.S. will continue fight against Japan

23. Hitler’s Plan
Step 1: Immigration: tried to “export” Jews to other countries
Britain 80,000 U.S. 100,000 France 25,000
Latin America 40,000
Step 2: Ghettos: Hitler turned to isolation as immigration proved limited
Step 3: Final Solution- moved Jews to concentration camps and began mass killings

24. The Final Numbers 6,000,000 Jewish deaths Poland 3,300,000 3,000,000
Original Population Killed
Poland 3,300,000 3,000,000
Soviet Union 2,850,000 1,252,000
Hungary , ,000
Romania , ,000
Germany , ,000

25. Can we Learn From History?
Goal: Long lasting Peace
To do list:
Countries need new Borders
New Governments
New League of Nations
Countries need to be rebuilt
Trials for “War Crimes” for Nazi Leaders

26. Communist Triumph in China
Civil War leads to Communism

27. China Summary Chinese society was based on tradition
Western influence was forced and came late to China
Opium War of 1839 changes China
China fall into civil war as Qing dynasty collapses

28. Mao loses power 1946-49 Civil War 1950-1958 Mao’s Communism
“The Great Leap”
Mao loses power
Cultural Revolution

29. Communist China Summary
Economic failure
Few advances in technology & industry
Today, China is finally starting to “catch up” with industrialized countries
China is using Capitalism to get their economy to grow today

30. Mohandas Gandhi
Indian Independence

31. Before Gandhi: India Summary
A history of being ruled by “outsiders”
Strong religious tension between dominant Hindu population and Muslims
Did not truly push for independence until after World War I
Amritsar Massacre was the turning point in independence movement

32. Gandhi’s Influence
1920 Indian National Congress endorses civil disobedience (non-violence) as means to achieve independence
1924 Gandhi assume the Presidency of the Indian National Congress
Gandhi never OFFICIALLY held political office!

33. Mahatma in India 1919 Protested Rowlett Acts
Ended campaign after riots
Led salt march
Fasted to protest caste system
Fasted to end violence
Assassinated by Hindu extremist

34. The Cold War Expands

35. IRON CURTAIN

36. American Foreign Policy
Containment
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan

37. 1) Containment and Brinkmanship 1945-69
2) Détente ’s
3) Renewed Arms Race ’s
4) Collapse of Soviet Union

39. Conflicts of Cold War 1945-46: Iron Curtain 1948: Berlin Airlift
1949: Soviets test Nuclear Bomb
: Korean War
: Vietnam War
1959: Cuban Communist Revolution
1960: U-2 Incident
1961: Berlin Wall Built
1962: Cuban Missile Crisis

40. Some Factors in the collapse of Soviet Union
Overall, very poor economy
Flawed economic system (communism)
Could not compete with USA in the Arms Race
Invasion of Afghanistan caused financial hardship
Rebellions in Iron Curtain Countries & Soviet Republics
Falling oil prices in 1980’s drastically lowered income

41. Middle East & Current Events

42. 9/11th raises tension in the Middle East

43. Immigration to Palestine
The Balfour Declaration (1917) started large scale immigration to Palestine
British LIMIT size of Jewish immigration
Palestinians feared being outnumbered
Promised to not infringe rights of non-Jewish population

44. Arab States & Partition
Arab states immediately oppose partition
Islamic countries all voted against the U.N. partition
May 14th 1948 Israel is officially formed
The surrounding Arab states refuse to recognize Israel

45. Arab-Israeli Wars 1st War in 1948, followed by 1956 Suez Crisis
1967 Six-Day War
1973 War

46. Saudi Arabia Leader: King Faud Government: Monarchy Established: 1932
Population: 23 Million
Relation to USA: Friendly---based on Oil & Military
Challenges:
Islamic extremist groups within country
USA has military bases in Saudi Arabia
Government is repressive
Has more Oil than any other country

47. Iran - Complex Government: Islamic Republic President is “elected”
Religious leader “Ayatollah” has significant power
- Gov’t established in 1979 after Iranian Revolution which overthrew Shah
President:
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Other Information:
Iranians are not Arabs (Persians)
Currently developing Nuclear Technology
US & Europe is attempting to find a diplomatic
solution
Spiritual Leader:
Ayatollah Khamenei

48. IRAQ Saddam Hussein leader 1979-2003
US invasion forces him out in 2003
2006 Democratic Government Formed
Challenges
Diverse Population: Shia’, Sunni & Kurds
Extremist Elements do not want Democracy\
Civil War is possible
Security is currently very poor in Iraq
USA hopes to reduce troop levels late in 2006