1. THE RISE OF INDUSTRIALISM AND THE MARKET ECONOMY IN THE 19 TH CENTURY The rise of industrialism in 19 th century America morphed the nation into a more industrial society, and was accelerated by transportation, immigration, and the need for a market economy. By: Mary Elizabeth Colton, Jack Masterson, Jack Allyn, and Caroline Deaton

2. Industrial Revolution In 1813: Boston Manufacturing Company In 1815: most work was still centered around the household In 1820: 2/3 of clothing worn by Americans were made by women of the house – “putting-out” system The biggest and most profitable mill was in Lowell Massachusetts In 1840: 63.4% of America was still in agriculture – Technologies were invented to help farmers work faster Sarah Bagley founded the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association of 1844 In 1840: 63.4% of America was still in agriculture – Technologies were invented to help farmers work faster

3. Lowell Mills

4. Transportation and Communication Split into three major fields in the 1800 – Road – River Steamboats Canals – Railroad

5. Road 1790-1820’s- referred to as the turnpike era 1811-1838- National road Toll roads failed to meet the demand of low cost transportation

6. Steamboats Flatboats John Fitch(1787) Robert Fulton(1807) – Clermont The New Orleans The Enterprise Advantages – Speed – Cost – 2 way commerce Negatives – dangerous

7. Canals U.S needed some way to connect the seaboard cities to the great lakes and Ohio and Mississippi rivers. Solution= Canals 1820’s and 1830’s 1825- Erie Canal

8. Railroad 1830- Peter Cooper 1840’s and 1850’s railroads drove canals out of business Passenger car- George Pullman 1859 Railroad Stock

9. Railroad Map

10. Communication Telegraph-1844 Post Office Newspaper- 1846

11. Telegraph Samuel F.B Morse-1844 Made long distance communication instantaneous

12. Post Office 1815-1830- 3,000 to 8,000 post offices John Mclean – (1823-1829)

13. Newspaper Richard Hoe- 1846- Printing Press Associated Press- 1846 Led to sectional discord

14. Immigration 1820-1840 700,000 immigrants arrived in the U.S. 1.5 million immigrants came from Ireland between 1845-1855 to avoid the potato blight Ireland = largest source of immigration – Remained in the Northeast – Not accepted by American society Germany = 2 nd largest source of immigration

15. U.S Immigration

16. Irish Immigration

17. Immigrants were attracted to the promise of economic opportunity. Immigrants provided cheap labor that stimulated the market economy. In 1860 61.7% of the workforce was made up by immigrants Irish immigrants were willing to work for less and not as prone to protest bad working conditions

18. Market Economy Transportations Effect on Market Economy – Reduced costs & increased speed of shipping – Steamboats reduced shipping costs – Increased farm income and commercial agriculture – Technological advancements created a rise in productivity

19. Staple Crops A transition from diversified farming to regional concentration on staple crops. – North’s staple crop = wheat – South’s staple crop = cotton – New Orleans was the marketing center for western crops

20. Factory System Workforce in one location Paid workers cash wages Use of interchangeable parts Manufactured by “continuous process” Mass production

21. New Working Class Wage workers in factories Miners Construction workers – CHANGE IN WORKFORCE: 12-14 hour work day In the 1830’s male workers were artisans and factory work was done by women and children Immigrants made up most of workforce

22. Citations http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/19-century/railroads-1870.jpg http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/290213?terms=railroad http://abudiphotography.com/wp-content/gallery/lowell-mills/lowellmills-2.jpg http://strattonhouse.com/images/national_road_ohio.gif http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/gal/steamboat.html http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kobie/kobersteinstatus_files/image001.jpg http://www.wrvmuseum.org/morsecode/images/samuel_morse_telegraph.jpg http://wpcontent.answcdn.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office_Seal.svg/100px- United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office_Seal.svg.png http://wpcontent.answcdn.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office_Seal.svg/100px- United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office_Seal.svg.png http://libtute.usq.edu.au/userfiles/image/newspaper.jpg http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~tasker/origins-graphics/immigration-usa.gif http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~dgarvey/Garvey_us_census/Irish_to_US.jpg http://www.darkforce.com/royce/factory1.gif http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/images/ http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.scienceclarified.com/scitech/ http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/on-line-exhibits/connon/pics/11632_port_john_mclean_520.jpg http://www.thegoldbrick.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/printing-press.jpg

23. Citations Continued Brinkley, Alan. AP Acheiver. N.p.: McGraw Hill, 2007. Print Gross, Brands Breen Williams. American Stories. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2009. Print. Howe, Daniel Walker. What Hath God Wrought. myilibrary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010..