1. Chapter 13 – The Rise of Mass Democracy Part C

2.  Political Parties  “Democrats”  Jackson’s Democratic-Republicans’  Opponents of Jackson – “Whigs”  18 th Century British Party  Clay, Webster, & Calhoun  Supported: government programs & reforms, internal improvements, institutions, market economy

3.  Election of 1836  Candidates  Martin Van Buren – Jackson’s Secretary of State  Whigs nominated several candidates – main one General Henry Harrison (OH)  Van Buren “Little Magician” won

5.  Martin Van Buren – 8 th President  First to be born “under the American flag”  New Yorker  “machine-made candidate”  Inherited Jackson’s problems & enemies  Problems during Presidency:  Canadian Rebellion 1837  Anti-slavery movement in North  Possible annexation of Texas  Economic panic

6.  Economic Troubles  Panic of 1837 caused by:  speculation  “land-office business” on borrowed money  Jackson’s finances  Bank War  Specie Circular  Poor wheat crops  British banks demanded the repayment of loans  “Europe’s economic distresses have often been America’s distresses”

7.  Economic Troubles (continued)  Effects:  Banks collapsed  Sale of lands decreased  Factories closed – unemployment increased  Whigs proposed expansion of bank credit, higher tariffs, internal improvements  Van Buren did not want to intervene in economy  “Divorce Bill” – government would remove its funds from the banks and deposit them in an independent treasury  Faced opposition  1840 Independent Treasury Bill passed, but repealed 1841  Paved way for Federal Reserve System – 1900s

8.  Texas  1819 U.S. agreed to leave Texas alone in exchange for Spain  Mexico gained independence 1821  1828 Mexico made agreement with Stephen Austin to bring 300 families  Must be Roman Catholic & become “Mexicanized”  Texan-Americans  GTT – “Gone to Texas”  Davie Crockett, Jim Bowie, Sam Houston  Mexicans & Texans disagreed over slavery, immigration, local rights  Texans continued slavery!

9.  Texan Rebellion  1836 declared independence – “Lone Star Republic”  Santa Anna sent troops to Texas  Battle of the Alamo – “Remember the Alamo”  Battle of San Jacinto  Texans captured Santa Anna  Treaty  Mexico redrew troops  Rio Grande set as Texas border (later declared illegal)  Received help from U.S.  Independent state or part of union?  **slavery**

11. Battle of the Alamo

12.  Election of 1840  Martin Van Buren – Democrat  William Henry Harrison – Whig  Whigs used log cabins & hard cider as symbols  “Tippecanoe and Tyler too” (John Tyler)  Winner?

14.  Results  Populist democratic style  Common man at center – diving right of the people!  Two-Party System  Democrats  Liberty of individual  Against privilege of govt  States’ rights  Whigs  Harmony of society  Value of community  Use government to help people  More govt involvement in economy  Reform movements